Vol 67, No 10 (2012)

Mitral valves tissue samplings from children with complete (13 patients) and partial (6 patients) atrioventricular defects at the age of from 1 month to 3 years old were examined.  The biopsy material was received during the repeat surgical operation on mitral valve, performed due to residual mitral
valve regurgitation grade 3-4 at the period of time from 2 days to 1 year after radical defect correction.  
On histological examination the areas of myxomatous tissue degeneration occupying more than 50% of mitral valves surface were found in 6 (32%) of the 19 patients. There were dispersed star-shaped cells, architectonics disturbances, deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides and increased content
of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in such areas of myxomatous degeneration. The sizes of these areas correlated with mitral valve regurgitation grade.
After the radical correction of atrioventricular defect the sutures on the folds and fibrous ring of the mitral valve “cut through” reliably more often in patients with wider areas of myxomatous degeneration, which indicates poor prognosis.
According to the ultrastructural classification the majority of mitral valve cells regarded as fibroblasts; there also were found cells with the signs of myogenic differentiation – myofibroblasts and isolated hystiocytes.  According to the immunohistochemistry assay the cells phenotype regarded as
fibroblastic and endothelial differentiation; in some patients there were found cells of smooth muscle origin.

In patients with discirculatory encephalopathy the influence of verbal fluency test on the characteristics of cerebral perfusion, DC-potentials of the brain, as well as on blood pressure and heart rate was investigated. Two patterns of responses to the verbal fluency test were observed. The first one is the process of generalized activation, manifested by the reduction of the TTP (time to peak) parameters of brain perfusion, the rise of the DC-potentials in all areas of brain and the modulation of blood pressure and heart rate. The second process, directly connected with cognitive processing, was manifested by the shifts of local characteristics of brain perfusion and DC-potentials in the frontal, temporal and central cortex, especially in the left hemisphere. Correlations were found between the characteristics of cerebral perfusion and DC-potentials on the one hand and the number of words during the verbal fluency test performance on the other hand.

Based on data analysis on the morbidity rates and dynamics of the vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in Russia in comparison with those, immune-prophylaxis methods of which have not been developed yet, the need is shown to intensify efforts on generation and application disinfectological technologies and non-specific prophylactic means in addition to the missing vaccinological ones. First of all, this is necessary to control salmonella infections, different hemorrhagic fevers, sexually transmitted diseases, lice and, especially, mass acute respiratory diseases, upper respiratory infections, multiple unrecorded localization and etiology, annual contribution of which to total infection morbidity is 86–93%. Studies and development of this area of prevention and control of «uncontrolled» infections requires efforts both of disinfectologists and professionals in hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology, chemistry, bio-technology, entomology etc. Under these conditions, all infections can and shall become «controlled» through combined application of immunological and non-immunological methods and means generated and assessed on the basis of principles of the evidence-based medicine.

Developed in 2006 by our institute, the method of primary detection of skin and mucosal tumors based on non-induced fluorescence of endogenous protoporphyrin IX is used to estimate proliferative activity of tumor and its probable progression. This study was aimed to improve method efficacy by means of additional parameter which would quantitatively describe the interpenetration of tumor and surrounding tissues. The authors analyzed autofluorescent data of 97 patients and determined medico-biological factors which could cause controversal results (all cases were histologically controlled). The coefficient of interpenetration K_dith was proposed as a solution. It is calculated as averaged reciprocal to tumor border probability. Repeated analysis of the autofluorescent images using both the proliferative factor and coefficient of interposition revealed improvement of method specificity from 69% to 85% while sensitivity of method remained 70%. In authors’ opinion, the method can be recommended for use in general oncology and dermatology.

Main molecular targets of nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide proapoptotic action in Jurkat cells were determined in this study. Decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was shown during all three gases action. Reason of this event is the Bcl-2 family members disbalance. Proapoptotic proteins release after mitochondrion membranes permeabilisation could be abolished by protein xIAP inhibition of caspase -9 and-3 activity during NO and CO application.