Vol 68, No 2 (2013)

The analysis of measures efficiency for prevention by essential hypertension (EH) in Russian Federation within the space of 2002–2012 years was realized. Those measures were carrying out Federal (National) Project and primary activity of the medical and scientific institutions under the leadership Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex. The basic result was decrease in cardiovascular disease death rate starting with 2004 year. The most pronounced significant changes were found in death rate from the cerebrovascular diseases. From 2003 to 2012, the annual cerebrovascular disease death rate decreased in 1,5 times (in 2003 — 339,9 by 100 thousands, to compare with 2012 — 224,1 by 100 thousands). Moreover, in 2012 the fatal stroke death rate was decreased on 114,8 thousands (to compare with 2004). Decrease of cardiovascular disease death rate is achieved from: early revealing of essential hypertension pts; development and introduction in practical public health of new methods of prevention («Schools of Health»), adequate diagnostic and treatment of essential hypertension patients; increase of an educational level by cardiology in polyclinics, also use by the government of special purposes for Cardiovascular disease death rate decrease.

The article presents the results of the dynamic clinical observation for persons suffered from occupational chronic mercury intoxication in the remote post-exposure period of the disease. The estimation of the dynamics of syndrome manifestations of chronic mercury intoxication and co-morbidity are presented. The important role of mercury exposure load as a predictor of deterioration of actual health of the patients in the remote period of intoxication is demonstrated.

There were presented the results of examination and treatment of 130 patients with atherosclerosis. Objective is to study the role of atorvastatin in correction of inflammation, endotoxemia and prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with atherosclerosis undergoing aorto-iliac reconstruction. There were observed initial and postoperative activation of inflammation, endotoxemia in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis. We found that short-term therapy with atorvastatin 60 mg per day had a significant advantage over low-dose in correction of pre- and postoperative endogenous inflammation, endotoxemia and prevention of cardiac events after aorto-iliac reconstruction.

85 females were studied, 35 females had new onset of diabetes (DM2) and in 50 women DM2 was associated with recently diagnosed cancer (C+DM2). Group C+DM2 was characterized by higher levels of body mass index, insulinemia, estradiolemia, interleukin 6 in serum, and glyoxalase I activity in mononuclears. At the same time  patients in C+DM2 group who had familial predisposition to DM2 were characterized by lower body mass index, body fat content, waist circumference, insulinemia, serum interleukin 6, viscosity of erythrocyte membranes and percent of comets in mononuclears in comparison with patients without familial predisposition to DM2. These trends were mostly opposite to the data of subgroups comparison (with or without relatives with DM2) in females with DM2 without cancer. The conclusion is made that the hereditary load with DM2 is differently realized in diabetics with higher or lower predisposition to cancer that deserves further study.

In the presented review the data on searching for new drugs for diabetes mellitus treatment are analyzed. These drugs are used for metabolic disorder correction leading to hyperglycemia: β-cells dysfunction, peripheral insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose output.

Endotoxine activated Kupffer cells release into the intercellular space several mediators which act directly on hepatocytes as well as via stellet cells. In both cases Kupffer cells downregulate hepatocytes as a part of paracrine system. However, downregulated part of liver parenchyma might be extended by several mechanisms. The first one is release of vasoconstrictors from activated Kupffer cells which stimulate stellet cells contraction. This effect may also be achieved by formation of hypermetabolic focuses by Kupffer cells mediators with further activation of hepatocyte–hepatocyte interactions based on the principle of cell competition for oxygen in the intercellular space. Regulatory influence of activated Kupffer cells may be spread in liver parenchyma with participation of the mechanism of intratissue hepatocyte–hepatocyte interactions which also realize tissue stress reaction.

Dysbiotic shifts in intestinal and pharyngeal microflora were studied in 22 normal volunteers in 9-, 14-, 105- and 520-d chamber experiments simulating some of the spaceflight factors. Two preparations were administered to prevent pharyngeal and intestinal dysbiosis: oral dry probiotic based on indigenous intestinal Enterococci and topical collagen-immobilized Lactobacterin based on indigenous intestinal Lactobacilli. Topical autoprobiotic lactobacterin reduced the growth of opportunistic pathogens in the throat during the experiments. Oral autoprobiotic based on Enterococci reduced the content of intestinal opportunistic pathogens, supporting the high level of protecting microflora. Most of autostrains are free from pathogenicity factors, nevertheless, implementation of genetic testing of indigenous strains are reasonable.