Vol 67, No 3 (2012)

Cover Page

HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT: CURRENT ISSUES

ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL PROBLEMS OF THE RISKS IN THE HEALTH SERVICE SYSTEM AND THE SAFE MEDICAL PRACTICE

Kucherenko V.Z., Ekkert N.V.

Abstract

For the creation of the safety of the medical aid it is necessary to make a complex systems efforts, which includes a lot of professional, organizational, juridical and psychological actions for the improvement of the treatment and diagnostic process, the promotion of the real conditions for the risk management in the organizational and clinic practice.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):4-9
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SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING SYSTEM OF PROVIDING FIRST AID CARE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Lysenko K.I., Dezhurnyi L.I., Neudakhin G.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to evaluation of situation with providing fist aid in the Russian Federation. It discusses the necessity to establish first aid system in the Russian Federation and formulates its principles. The need in establishing such system is caused by necessity to draw a wide range of persons, including those who are not medically educated, to provide first aid service to patients. Also substantiated the need of development and adoption of the legislation that adjusts different aspects of first aid, as well as alteration in a current legislation. Proved the necessity of establishment and functioning of the intersectional coordination council. Consideration is given to principles of functioning of the training system for first aid providers. Principles, which will help to provide them with first aid tools, are substantiated.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):10-14
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PROBLEMS IN MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Maximova T.M., Lushkina N.P., Ogryzko E.V.

Abstract

Despite showing that cardiovascular disease mortality in Russia is declining evaluation of medical care for cardiovascular patients, using different information sources, revealed a lot of problems in this field need its solving. Together with modernization of medical services it is urgently necessary to transform the medical education, including post graduate, information support for medical professionals in field of modern medical technologies, using in countries with low mortality rates, creation the conditions for regular updating professional knowledge . It is necessary to reconsider formal criteria for medical care evaluation, especially taking into account co morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. Our data illustrate that social disparities influence on outcomes of diseases and so for further decreasing mortality rates and increasing the life expectancy adequate treatment must be provide for all patients independently of their material wellbeing.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):15-22
pages 15-22 views

ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

NANOSTRUCTURED LIPOSOMAL SYSTEMS AS TRANSPORT AGENTS FOR ANTICANCER DRUGS

Baryshnikov A.Y.

Abstract

Liposomes quite recently have turned from a model of biological membranes into an object of extensive research and practical use. The versatile traits of liposomal formulation allow its' universal implementation, especially in cancer chemotherapy. The advantages of liposomal use as a carrier of an anticancer drug for its targeted selective accumulation are discussed in this article. This article contains description of new types of liposomes, differing in contents and use, such as: simple, sterically stabilized, targeted (immunoliposomes),cationic, sensitive to physical and chemical stimuli. The characteristics of liposomal systems of anticancer drug delivery designed at Blokhin Russian Oncological Scientific Centre is given in the article.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):23-31
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EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS IN ONCOLOGY IN THE END OF XX - BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY

Garin A.M.

Abstract

This review highlights major achievements of the Russian oncology in the past decades, such as works of N.N. Petrov, L.A. Zilber, N.N. Blokhin, E.E. Pogosyants. Revolutionary shift in the understanding of the malignization process have become possible after decoding of human genome, as well as genome of several tumors such as breast cancer, acute myeloblastic leukemia, several brain tumors, testicular cancer and other neoplasms. The issue of stem cells being possible ancestors of tumor cells is also discussed in the review. Also the author observes main modern therapeutic approaches towards cancer treatment. It is specially highlighted that XXI century molecular biology achievements made it possible to start personal tumor treatment based on its specific genotype.


Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):32-36
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COMBINED USE CONVENTIONAL AND VIDEOENDOSURGERY IN PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY

Ryabov A.B., Lebedev V.I., Volobuev A.V., Kazantsev A.P., Kerimov P.A., Rubansky M.A., Nechushkina I.V., Kapkova O.A., Rybakova D.V., Polyakov V.G.

Abstract

The autors report original date on the combined use of videosurgery and open surgical intervention in 3 patients. One (1 yr 10 mo) had neuroblastoma in the posterior mediastinum spreading to the retroperitoneal region, another (5 yr) presented with neuroblastoma in the thoracic aperture region spreading to the neck, the third one (14 yr) suffered limphoepithelioma-like cancer of the thymus. The combined treatment permits to optimize the surgical procedure and avoid additional use of thoraco- and laparotomy.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):37-41
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ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

SIGNIFICANCE AND ROLE OF HORMONE DETECTION METHODS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AS A BIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE

Goncharov N.P.

Abstract

This review covers the development of technology and methods of hormone detection in the human biological environment: from radioimmunological technique to various immune-enzyme methods. Modern ultrasensitive methods of immuneanalysis, which function on the principle of luminescent or fluorescent signal detection, are described in the article. In the recent years physiochemical ultrasensitive methods of detection using mass-spectrometry in combination with high resolution liquid chromatography are being more acknowledged and in perspective will become the leading technique of biological detection. This article also lists main achievements reached using aforesaid methods of hormone detection both in fundamental and in clinical endocrinology.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):42-49
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REGIONAL PECULIARITIES IN SEMEN QUALITY AND SERUM HORMONAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CITIZENS FROM EASTERN SIBERIA

Osadchuk L.V., Kleshchev M.A., Gutorova N.V., Petrova P.G., Troev I.P., Ostobunaev V.V., Osadchuk A.V.

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate sperm quality and reproductive hormonal level in an unselected population of men who were permanent residents of the Yakutsk city and compare the semen and hormonal parameters with the World Health Organization (WHO, 2001) recommended normal values and the results from other countries. A total of 145 men (mean age 24,1 years) agreed to be included in the study. All the volunteers completed a questionnaire, received a general and reproductive health examination by an andrologist, gave semen and blood samples. We found that the means were 34,69 × 106 spermatozoa/mL for sperm concentration and 39,6% for total motile spermatozoa. Among all volunteers studied 4,3% had azoospermia, 27,0% reported oligozoospermia, 68,1% ― asthenozoospermia. There are no differences between Yakut and Slavs in anthropometric, hormonal or sperm measures, but height and ejaculate volume were higher in Slavs than Yakut men. The data obtained indicated high frequency of suboptimal quality of sperm in males of both nations from this Siberian region in comparison with other Russian regions or European countries.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):50-55
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ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS ARE A NOVEL DIRECTION OF ENDOCRINOLOGIC SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

Yaglova N.V., Yaglov V.V.

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are exogenous anthropogenic chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, bisphenol A, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates and others), that are able to bind hormonal receptors of endocrine and other cells in vivo and act like hormones. These substances disrupt endocrine regulation of metabolism, reproduction and adaptive reactions of organisms and promote human and animal endocrine disorders.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):56-61
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SHORT MESSAGES

THE INFLUENCE OF POINT MUTATIONS IN THE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS LMP1 ONCOGENE ON THE CELL CYTOSKELETON AND ACTIVATION OF INDUCIBLE FORM OF NO SYNTHASE

Diduk S.V., Smirnova K.V., Gurtsevitch V.E.

Abstract

One of the latent proteins encoded by the Epstein−Barr virus (EBV), the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), plays a key role in developing of EBV-associated human malignancies. Polymorphism of LMP1 protein is its characteristic feature. Some specific mutations in LMP1 genome have previously been detected in different geographic regions, however, the influence of these mutations on functional activity of LMP1 was not still determined. In this study we demonstrated for the first time the significance of individual point mutations among common ones observed in LMP1 and their combination on activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, the influence of above mutations localized in the CTAR regions of the LMP1 molecule has also been investigated on structural components of the fibroblasts of the Rat1cell line.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):62-67
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THE ROLE OF REGULATORY T CELLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE PROCESS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Eliseeva D.D., Zavalishin I.A., Karaulov A.V., Bykovskaya S.N.

Abstract

In the maintenance of immunological tolerance important role belongs to the recently discovered population of regulatory T-cells CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 +. These cells have potential in suppressing pathologic immune responses observed at various autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis. We have shown a reduction in the number and functional activity of T-reg in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis in the acute stage, the increase in their number during remission, duration of the relationship of the autoimmune process and the degree of disability of patients with the contents of T-reg. The possibility of using the grown ex vivo T-reg for the correction of immunopathological process in multiple sclerosis.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):68-74
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THE STRUCTURE OF LIVER, LUNG, KIDNEYS, HEART AND SPLEEN OF RATS AFTER REPEATED INTRAVENOUS APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES MAGNETITE

Mil'to I.V., Sukhodolo I.V.

Abstract

Effects of multiple intravenous magnetite nanosuspension injections on the structure of rat liver, lungs, kidney, heart and spleen have been studied. Histology of the organs listed have found haemodynamic distortions and necrotic lesions in the parenchyma of these organs. With the help of Pearls histochemical method significant piling of nanoparticles were found in the cells of the mononuclear phagocytes in liver, lungs and spleen of the rats. Only singular Pearls-positive cells were found in kidneys and hearts of the rats.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):75-79
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THE USE OF HYDROSOL HEXACIANFERRATE (II) FERRUM (III) FOR DEVELOPING DIAGNOSTIC LATERAL FLOW TESTS

Skopinskaya S.N., Yarkov S.P., Zlobin V.N., Valiev K.K.

Abstract

On the basis of synthesized negatively charged hydrosol hexacianferrate (II) ferrum (III) (HCFF) by diameter 10–20 нм are received stable conjugates with antibodies and antigens glycoprotein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) nature. Synthesized hydrosol (HCFF) is new type of a disperse phase in the lateral flow assay. Conjugates mentioned above were applied for construction lateral flow tests-systems for revealing cholera toxin, the rabbit antibodies to recombinant glycoproteine complex from Micobaсterium tuberculosis H37 Rv, human immunoglobulin, LPS antigens S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis. Developed lateral flow tests-systems had high analysis speed (5–7 min), good specificity and sensitivity: on cholera toxin of 2,0 ug / ml, on LPS antigens S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis 0,5 ug / ml.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):80-85
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INTRAHEPATIC INDUCTION OF ENDOGENOUS S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF VARIOUS WAYS OF ADMINISTRATION OF METHIONINE-SUCCINATE COMPLEX AND ITS ROLE IN DRUG-INDUCED LIVER LESION CORRECTION

Sukhanov D.S., Petrov A.Y., Kovalenko A.L., Romantsov M.G.

Abstract

A comparative study of the level of endogenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) with other hepatoprotectors in pharmacological correction of liver drug lesion. Among 117 male rats. It has been shown that among antituberculous drugs only Remaxol and Runihol were causing significant increase in endogenic SAM. Taking into account the amelioration of lab results as well as histological condition of the liver against the background of Remaxol treatment as well as positive effect of Runihol treatment upon cholestasis, one can draw a conclusion  upon the importance of succinic acid together with SAM induction as a part of hepatoprotective effect of the drug.  Reamberin, which contains succinic acid without methionine also shows hepatoprotective qualities and doesn’t induce endogenous SAM production. Positive therapeutic effect of exogenous SAM regardless the way of administration doesn’t correlate with endogenous SAM induction, and is associated with the external hepatocyte cell membrane restoration.    

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(3):86-90
pages 86-90 views

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