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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">329</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn.v67i3.182</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS IN ONCOLOGY IN THE END OF XX - BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ И РЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЕ СОБЫТИЯ В ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКЕ В КОНЦЕ ХХ ВЕКА И ПЕРВОМ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИИ ХХI ВЕКА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник отделения клиниче- ской фармакологии и химиотерапии ФГБУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина» РАМН Адрес: 115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 24 Тел.: (499) 324-98-74</p></bio><email>ronc@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-03-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</issue-title><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/329">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/329</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>This review highlights major achievements of the Russian oncology in the past decades, such as works of N.N. Petrov, L.A. Zilber, N.N. Blokhin, E.E. Pogosyants. Revolutionary shift in the understanding of the malignization process have become possible after decoding of human genome, as well as genome of several tumors such as breast cancer, acute myeloblastic leukemia, several brain tumors, testicular cancer and other neoplasms. The issue of stem cells being possible ancestors of tumor cells is also discussed in the review. Also the author observes main modern therapeutic approaches towards cancer treatment. It is specially highlighted that XXI century molecular biology achievements made it possible to start personal tumor treatment based on its specific genotype.</italic> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>В обзорной статье обсуждаются ключевые вехи развития отечественной онкологии за последние десятилетия. Приводятся ключевые направления работ ведущих отечественных онкологов Н.Н. Петрова, Л.А. Зильбера, Н.Н. Блохина, Е.Е. Погосянц. Революционные сдвиги в представлениях о причинах малигнизации стали возможными после расшифровки человеческого генома, а также генома ряда форм опухолей – рака молочной железы, острого миелобластного лейкоза, некоторых опухолей мозга, рака легкого, рака яичника и других новообразований. Уделено внимание также стволовым клеткам как потенциальным прародителям раковых. Кроме того, обсуждены основные подходы современного лечения раковых заболеваний. Особо отмечено, что достижения молекулярной биологии позволили в ХХ</italic><italic>I веке перейти от эмпирического выбора метода для лечения больных с одной и той же опухолью к персонализации лечения на основе изучения генотипа новообразования у индивидуальных больных.</italic></p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>molecular biology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>молекулярная биология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Ajithkumar T.V., Hatcher H.M. Specialist training in oncology. Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	IARC monographs on evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Lion, IARC. 1979–2002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3.	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