Vol 69, No 1-2 (2014)

The review presents the main and additional features that distinguish tumor cells from normal tissue cells. They include sustained proliferative signaling, evasion from growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, angiogenesis induction, and invasion and metastasis activation. Basis for the formation of these features is provided by tumor genome instability. Tumors are complex tissues that consist of different cell types interacting with each other as well as with normal cells. An important characteristic of tumor cells is the ability to interact with the tumor microenvironment and the formation of tumor stroma.

Aim: to estimate effectiveness of concomitant use of direct current in a small doses and intravenous ozone therapy in the integrated treatment of patients with sterile pancreatonecrosis. Patients and methods: 89 (39 women and 50 men, average age 48,2±3,6 years) Patient medical records, received a treatment for sterile pancreatonecrosis in surgery departments of Aktobe oblast were analyzed. In the period of 1997–2013, diagnosis of sterile pancreatonecrosis and its complication was found out on the basis of historical study, physical examination, clinical laboratory findings, ultrasound investigation and computerized tomography. All patients passed through complex basic conservative therapy and main group received also intravenous ozone therapy and small doses (20–25mkA) of direct current. Results: usage of small doses of direct current and intravenous ozone therapy in the integrated treatment of patients with sterile pancreatonecrosis helped on more rapid general well-being mend of patients. Conclusions: registered drop of transition frequency of sterile pancreatonecrosis into infected forms in 3 times, reduction of patients period of stay at hospital in 1,6 times and mortality rates — in 1,3 times.

Aim: to make multiparametric analysis of blood metabolic profile in early period of burn disease. Materials and methods: we tested blood samples of 15 healthy adults (control group) and 60 patients with thermal trauma (main group — II–IIIA, B degree of burn, more then 15 bsp). Parameters of lipid metabolism, level of glucose, lactate, malonic dialdehyde and some enzymes in blood plasma and erythrocytes were estimated. Results: in early period of burn disease we fixed the clear metabolic disorders, including tissues hypoxia, activation of plasma transaminases and oxidoreductases, inhibition of detoxication system, induction of oxidative stress. Connection of metabolic changes, associated with burn disease, was registered. It supported by numerous correlations between studied parameters, formed from first day after trauma. Conclusions: our data expand the knowledge about mating metabolic changes of catalytic activity of blood enzymes, forming in early period of burn disease (system metabolic disadaptation), and diagnostic value of some blood biochemical parameters in estimation of burned patient metabolism.

Aim: to study characteristics of hemodynamics, spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and their association with the total blood concentration of stable metabolites of nitric oxide (nitrites and nitrates) in patients with hypertension living in highlands. Patients and methods: 110 natives of the highlands of Elbrus region were examined. All of them were divided into 2 groups — with 2d stage of hypertension (n =50) and conditionally healthy (n =60). All the participants were performed routine examination under the conditions of hospitals and out-patient clinics. Moreover they were performed ECG, rhythm-cardiography, echo-CG evaluation of the blood pressure, renal and thyroid ultrasound and eye-ground examination. The assessment of HRV was made. Results: in the group of patients with hypertension there was decrease in the total power of HRV — TP, low frequency range — VLF, LF and high frequency range HF. The main characteristics of the central and intracardiac hemodynamics were significantly higher in patients with hypertension in decreasing of nitric oxide production. Conclusions: reverse reliable correlations were established between low frequency values of HRV, morpho-functional characteristics of the left ventricle and blood concentration of nitric oxide in patients with hypertension. 

An overview of the results of studies on prolactin (PRL) is given. The molecular and genetic characteristics of PRL and its receptor (PRLR) are presented. The PRLR polymorphism in patients with tumors of the breast is described. Synthesized analogues of human PRL inhibited its peripheral effects. The vegetative nervous system modulate PRL secretion. PRL is a risk factor for breast and prostate cancer. The signaling mechanisms of PRL and its possible clinical use in therapy of breast cancer are characterized.

Aim: to study features of variability of a rhythm of heart at unexercised young men under the influence of power loadings in the conditions of application of certain training modes in the course of long occupations by athleticism. Patients and methods: 40 young men participated in inspections at the age of 19–20 years, not having contraindications for occupations with burdenings. Research of indicators of training loading of both groups used by representatives in the course of occupations conducted a method of definition of an index of training loading in athleticism. For determination of values of indicators of the statistical and spectral analysis of a rhythm of heart the Polar RS800CX cardiomonitor was used. Control of studied indicators at rest and after power loading carried out for 3 months of occupations by athleticism with an interval in 1 month. Results: use in the course of occupations by athleticism of power loadings with large volume of work and low intensity considerably increases activity of the central mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of a rhythm of heart due to decrease in parasympathetic activation of autonomous nervous system on sinusovy knot of heart, than loading of high intensity with a small volume of work. Conclusions: the result of long-term adaptation to occupations by athleticism, in the conditions of different modes of loading, is characterized by existence of an ekonomization of functioning of cardiovascular system of the unexercised contingent.

Aim: to determine the mechanism of food sensitization in children with chronic Opisthorchis felineus invasion. Patients and methods: during the epidemiological study the groups of patients (7–10 years) with chronic opisthorchiasis (n =237) and children without chronic opisthorchiasis (n =496) were formed. The investigation included interviewing of parents / guardians, measurement of total IgE, specific IgE to food allergens and component-resolved diagnostic, real-time PCR in stool samples. Results: the chronic opisthorchiasis invasion in children is associated with reduced risk of food sensitization, compared with non-infected group (9,7 vs 16,94%, OR =0,53; 95% CI 0,31–0,88; p =0,01). Opisthorchiasis of high intensity negatively correlated with increased level of specific IgE to food allergens in serum (OR =0,46; 95% CI 0,24–0,91; p =0,023). The association between level of total IgE and intensity of opisthorchiasis combinated with food sensitization was found. The sensitization to allergens class I (cyp c1, cor a11, gal d2, pru p3) is more prevalent in patients with opisthorchiasis, in uninfected children the sensitization to bet v1-homologues (mal d1, pru p1, cor a1, ara h8) is most common. Conclusions: the epidemiological data on the effect of the Opisthorchis felineus invasion on mechanisms of food sensitization in children were obtained.

An effector of tissue stress of hepatocytes, prodigiozan-dependent comuton (PDC), provokes deenergiezation of liver mitochondria, preloaded by Ca2+ ions. In this case a decrease of membrane potential (MP) and Ca2+ efflux by cyclosporine A sensitive mechanism of megapore is observed. If megapore is blocked by cyclosporin A, protonofor FCCP provoked decrease of MP and Ca2+ efflux by cyclosporin A-insensitive mechanism. It is shown that PDC increases resistance of mitochondria to mentioned protonofor action by inhibition of both these effects. An inhibitory action of PDC is realized by K+ and NADH-dependent mechanism. The effector of hepatocyte tissue stress, prodigiozan-dependent comuton (PDC), evokes deenergizing liver mitochondria preloaded with Ca2+, both membrane potential (MP) decrease and Ca2+ release in according to cyclosporine A- sensitive mechanism of megapore being observed. If megapore is blocked by cyclosporin A, protonophore FCCP reduces of MP and Ca2+ release in according to cyclosporin A-insensitive mechanism. PDC is shown to increase the resistance of mitochondria against protonophore action mentioned above by means of inhibition of both these effects. Inhibitory action of PDC is realized due to both K+ and NADH-dependent mechanism. protective effect takes place only in intact mitochondria of these cells providig (on condition that) its megapore mechanism is not activated. Moreover, the results obttained are evidence of PDC can function as protector due to intensification of energy generation in damaged.

Aim: to examine the role of immune, biochemical and hormonal factors in the regulation of melanogenesis in patients with chromatopathy. Patients and methods: we observed 226 patients with various forms dyschromia skin. Age of the patients was in the range of 16 to 55 years. The frequency of females (n =157) prevailed over the male sex (n =69) 2,3 times. The disease duration ranged from 3 weeks to 12 years. For the study of melanogenesis in vitiligo, nevi and melasma were studied parameters of the immune, endocrine and lipid peroxidation — antioxidant system. Results: melanocytes are responsible for the change in concentration a- chromatophorotropic hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decrease or increase melanogenesis. Activation process is also associated with UFOs. Comparison of the level of system components lipid peroxidation (LPO) – antioxidant system (AOS) suppressor (CD8 +) lymphocyte activity vitiligo patients showed that the most pronounced suppressive effect was observed in patients with high levels of lipid peroxidation. At the same time, patients with hyperpigmentation found a significant negative relationship with СD4+. It should be noted a negative relationship CD16+-lymphocytes with indicators pituitary- adrenal axis in patients Dyschromias (r = -0,318 vitiligo, r = -0,512, r = -0,4578 — in nevi and melasma, respectively). Conclusions: the results showed that vitiliginozny process, especially actively expressed, proceeds with the intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, changes in the state of AOS and immunity. With the increased level of hyperpigmentation CD95+-cells led to a weakening of apoptosis and cause increase in the number of melanocytes. When there is insufficient apoptosis hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation and when — excessive apoptosis. To find mechanisms regulating skin pigmentation necessary to determine a-chromatophorotropic hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and neutral endopeptidase.

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