Vol 67, No 4 (2012)

Cover Page

OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

MODERN WAYS OF TREATMENT OF THE INFECTION THE BOTTOM DEPARTMENT OF SEXUAL WAYS OF WOMEN

Sidorova I.S., Belopol'skaya K.A.

Abstract

In article various ways of increase of efficiency of treatment of is mixed the bacterial-virus infection of the bottom department of sexual ways at women by means of application in complex therapy of homologous bacteriophages, pectovit, antiviral –immunomodulation therapies and sated with oxygen (oxygenic) water solutions of antiseptic tanks are considered. The scientifically-practical urgency of this problem is represented and actual for the decision of an important social and economic problem of improvement of quality of life, decrease in number of infectious complications and perfection of the medical help to sick women with frequent recidives an infection of the bottom department of sexual ways.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):4-10
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BIOCHEMISTRY: CURRENT ISSUES

THE DISTRIBUTION OF IODINE-125 LABELED ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN IN THE ANIMAL ORGANISM AND ITS ACCUMULATION IN THE TUMOR

Severin S.E., Moskaleva E.Y., Kulakov V.N., Severin E.S., Slobodyanik I.I., Klimova T.P.

Abstract

The distribution of iodine-125 labeled human alpha-fetoprotein in mice was studied after its intravenous injection. The maximal accumulation of alpha-fetoprotein in different tissues and organs of animals was observed mainly 5 hours after injection. Then the protein was gradually eliminated from the body. In the liver, intestine and blood of intact animals 125I-alpha-fetoprotein persists for at least three days. Accumulation of alpha-fetoprotein in various tissues and organs may determine the different biological effects of this protein. In the mice with transplanted lymphatic leukemia cells P388 the high level of alpha-fetoprotein accumulation was detected in the tumor tissue, reaching 6% of the injected amount per 1 g of tissue. This allows considering the radionuclide-labeled alpha-fetoprotein as a promising medical radionuclide marker for the radiological detection of malignant tumors.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):11-15
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CARDIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF CELL THERAPY FOR CARDIAC DISEASES

Gol'dshtein D.V., Fatkhudinov T.K.

Abstract

This article reviews the literatury and own dates of cell therapy for cardiac diseases. The principal unresolved issues were formulated.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):16-24
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ROLE OF ENDOTHELIUM IN REMODELLING A MYOCARDIUM LEFT VENTRICULAR AT PATIENTS ON A HEMODIALYSIS

Kharlamova U.V., Il'icheva O.E.

Abstract

To study influence of markers of function endothelium on structurally functional indicators left ventricular at patients on a hemodialysis.. 98 patients on a hemodialysis are surveyed. To all patients defined concentration stable metabolites of oxyde nitrogen whey of blood, total cholesterol, cholesterol of low density lipoproteine, cholesterol of high density lipoproteine, triglycerides, homocysteine, Willebrand factor, spent echocardiography research. During correlation, multiple regression the analysis independent influence of indicators of function endothelium on structurally functional indicators of a myocardium left ventricular, processes of formation of dysfunction of heart reflecting parallelism and endothelium is revealed

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):25-29
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THE REGISTERS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES – THEIR TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

Erlikh A.D.

Abstract

The term registry in individual application to patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is discussed in this review. The author performs a detailed analysis of literature concerning objectives and goals of registries and their significance in clinical practice. The marked differences can be found between registries and randomized clinical trials (RCT). After the example of ACS registries the author shows the influence of information received according to registries limits on the formation of recommendations on treatment of patients with ACS.


Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):30-39
pages 30-39 views

NEUROLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

AGONIST OF V2 VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR REDUCES DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN POST-STROKE PATIENTS

Belokoskova S.G., Stepanov I.I., Tsikunov S.G.

Abstract

Poststroke depression is one of the common psychiatric complications after stroke. Thus, the research of new ways for treatment depressed mood after stroke is actual. The previous researches revealed vasopressin to be effective in patients with memory, speech and motor function disorders after stroke. The purpose of the study was to investigate influence of vasopressin on depression after stroke. Fourteen patients with affective disorders have been treated with subendocrine doses of 1-desamino-8-D-arginin-vasopressin (DDAVP) daily by intranasal application during 1,5–2 months. Vasopressin was effective in correcting both apatoadinamic and anxious depression. Treatment effect was durable, lasts for 0,5–1 year after the first course of therapy. The results of this pilot study demonstrate perspective of using selective agonist of vasopressin V2 receptors, DDAVP, in therapy of post-stroke depression.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):40-44
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THE CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMORS

Voronina I.A., Voronov V.G.

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the automatic classification of functional disorders of brain activity in patients with brain tumors on the basis of the reference groups. The test of statistical hypotheses set made crisp classification. Functional activity of the brain abnormality is assessed indicators of the frequency spectrum of the EEG. We describe the scheme of the algorithm and an analysis of the results. The publication is intended for IT-professionals and clinicians who are actively applying them in their work.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):45-49
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IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION H2S-POSITIVE NEURONS IN THE NUCLEI OF BULBAR CARDIOVASCULAR CENTER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION

Chertok V.M., Kotsyuba A.E.

Abstract

Immunocytochemical method in Wistar rats in 6 nuclei of the medulla oblongata, related to the cardiovascular center, identified nerve cells (H2S-neurons) with a positive reaction to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) — an enzyme involved in the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide in the brain. Found that in rats with renovascular hypertension only after 6 weeks of hypertension in the neurons of the reticular nuclei observed a significant reduction of CBS, while the number of H2S-positive cells in this period does not change significantly. Only at week 12 renovascular hypertension notes marked reduction in the proportion of positive H2S-neurons in the reticular nuclei of most of the medial zone, although further reduction in the intensity of the enzymatic reaction in the neurons were observed. Between 14-16 weeks of hypertension to further reduce the proportion of neurons and H2S-content of the enzyme is not observed. In a single nucleus and reticular lateral nucleus, which receive afferent impulses in the development of renovascular hypertension specify the minimum change of the indicators.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):50-54
pages 50-54 views

ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA BEFORE AND AFTER PANCREATICODUODENAL RESECTIONS

Lebedeva A.N., Demidova V.S., Kriger A.G.

Abstract

56 patients with cancer of major duodenal papilla were examined before and after pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection. Carbohydrate metabolism was estimated before and after the operation, impact of the operation on diabetes mellitus progression was detected. If there were no carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in 75% before the operation, then there were 55% of such patients after the operation. After the pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection the impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 4 (7%) of patients whose carbohydrate metabolism had corresponded to norms before the operation. 7 (13%) Of 17 (31%) patients had diabetes mellitus of mild severity after the pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection, the rest 10 (18%) had diabetes mellitus of moderate severity. In 7 (13%) patients after the pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection the diabetes mellitus of moderate severity was detected for the first time, at that in 4 patients diabetes mellitus of mild severity was detected, and in 3 patients — diabetes mellitus of moderate severity (everyone received insulin therapy in the long-term postoperative period) was detected. Checking protocol of the patients’ carbohydrate metabolism in the perioperative period was described in detail. The possibility of prognostication of carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in the long-term postoperative period by indications of carbohydrate metabolism before the operation and in early postoperative period was studied. Middle blood glucose level in early postoperative period is an informative indication for prognostication of carbohydrate metabolism state in the long-term postoperative period. An algorithm of patients’ examination with cancer of major duodenal papilla before the operation and after it was offered; also checking protocol of carbohydrate metabolism indices and correction of the detected abnormalities in the early postoperative period were offered.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):55-59
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INFLUENCE OF REGULATORY T CELLS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS DURING CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

Chikileva I.O., Shubina I.Z., Kiselevskii E.V.

Abstract

One of the common arguments against cancer immunotherapy based on natural killer (NK) cells activated in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is the probability of the activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) by IL-2 besides NK cells. Thus, we have monitored numbers of FoxP3+CD4+CD25+ T cells in the samples of healthy volunteers’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured with or without IL-2. We observed marked increase in the percentages of the CD4+CD25+ T cells in the presence of IL-2. Proportions of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T cells feebly increased, remained on the same level or even decreased compared to PBMCs cultured without exogenous IL-2. Based on the absence of FoxP3 expression, most of the CD4+CD25+ T cells purified from IL-2 activated PBMCs were not Tregs, but activated Th cells. Moreover, the addition of the purified supposed Tregs to samples of activated NK cells never inhibited their cytotoxic reactions.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):60-64
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ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

PHYLOGENESIS, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE. DIFFERENCES FROM TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

Titov V.N.

Abstract

We believe that etiological factor of insulin resistance is phylogenetically late formation of insulin and its specific functionality, i.e., providing energy substrates for the biological function of locomotion. According to biological subordination, insulin cannot change regulation formed at the early stages of phylogenesis in all cells, including those that become insulin-dependent at the late stages of phylogenesis. This involves a) β-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria, b) synthesis of С 16:0 palmitic saturated fatty acid, c) glucose metabolism in pro- and eukaryotes, d) regulation of biochemical reactions in insulin-independent cells, e) humoral effects of mediators at the level of paracrine cell communities which are structural and functional units of all internal organs, and f) hormonal regulation at the entire organism level. Pathogenetic factors of insulin resistance are biochemical and functional disorders occurring in vivo upon activation of biological functions and reactions that formed phylogenetically earlier than insulin. During phylogenesis the insulin system has intrinsically built up over the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondria, early unicellular organisms and paracrine cell communities. Insulin functionally interacts with them all, but it cannot abolish the effects of any phylogenetically earlier humoral mediator. Insulin resistance is a pathophysiological disparity between humoral regulation of metabolism at the level of phylogenetically earlier paracrine cell communities and at the level of phylogenetically late total organism, on the one hand, and successive phylogenetic formation of passive cellular uptake of fatty acids as unesterified fatty acids and later triglycerides, on the other. If insulin resistance results from changes in the primary structure of transport proteins, in glucose storage and cellular insulin reception, it can be referred to as type II diabetes mellitus.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):65-73
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NOVEL CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY OF DIFFUSE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: RESULTS AND FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS

Yaglov V.V., Yaglova V.N.

Abstract

Diffuse endocrine system is a largest part of endocrine system of vertebrates. Recend findings showed that DES-cells are not neuroectodermal but have ectodermal, mesodermal, and entodermal ontogeny. The article reviews novel concept of diffuse endocrine system anatomy and physiology, functional role of DES hormones and poorly investigated aspects like DES-cell morphology, hormones secretion in normal and pathologic conditions. Further research of diffuse endocrine system has a great significance for biochemistry, morphology, and clinical medicine.


Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(4):74-81
pages 74-81 views

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