Vol 68, No 4 (2013)

The scope of bibliometric research is focused on academic output of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) in 2011 by analyzing the data extracted from the Web of Science database and InCites application Research Performance Profile of RAMS. Using these analytical tools trends in dynamics of publications and citing of the RAMS researchers were calculated and the level of scientific output in some biomedical subject areas was estimated. Studies revealed the great importance of international collaboration and international coauthorship for RAMS in producing papers published in established scholarly journals. Basic metrics of scientific performance that should be required to achieve the goals declared in the recent governmental policy papers were measured for RAMS institutions as well. Another problem investigated in this research is the problem of low citedness of RAMS journal papers indexed in WoS. Factors and reasons influenced on low citedness were discovered In conclusion authors set out priorities and reasonable goal-oriented efforts to achieve better results in publication activity.

In this article results of first Russian study on premature infants body composition in association with trend of their physical development within the first month and according to way of feeding. 30 preterm newborns without signs of intrauterine hypotrophy at birth with gestational age less than 35 month were examined by air body plethysmography. The infants were examined reaching term corrected age. Less levels of fat-free mass and increased percentage of fat were found in premature infants. The negative association between gestational age and the specific content of fat was found. This increases the risk of long-term metabolic diseases in preterm infants. It is found that preterm infants fed by fortified human milk have a more optimal body composition (less body fat levels) than infants fed by formula. The found consistent patterns confirm the necessity of supplying preterm infants with human milk for more adequate formation of plastic processes.

The estimation of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn state of the offspring in the second generation (study group), the progenitors of which were in the area of radiation exposure. The study group included data on 112 women. In the control group were assigned 53 women who themselves, their parents and grandparents were not exposed to ionizing radiation. Extragenital pathology is characterized by the predominance of the main group of diseases of the circulatory system, urinary system, blood and blood-forming organs, diseases of the endocrine system. Among gynecological diseases prevailed chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. The high rate of complications during pregnancy, premature birth, subcompensated form of placental insufficiency in patients of the main group.

The study in chronic experiment on 26 pregnant  rabbit females induced in labor by oxytocin on the 30th day of pregnancy was conducted. The effects of bupivacaine (0,5% - 1 ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on the contractile activity of the uterus, the functional state of the females and their fetuses were studied. On  the 28th day of pregnancy under thiopental anesthesia electrodes were administered: to the fetus - ECG, in the female myometrium - for recording electrical activity. In order to check the uterus mechanical activity the original sensor was used filled by graphite, which was placed around one horn of the uterus. The contractile activity of the myometrium was evaluated for each 5-minute interval by the number of uterine contractions, duration and amplitude of one uterine contraction. The functional state of female fetuses and rabbit female were evaluated by the frequency change of the heart rate.  In 12 females occured to delivery. Registration of uterine contractions, heart rate of the female and fetuses were carried out simultaneously and continuously throughout the whole experiment. It was shown that under standard conditions EA didn’t induce changes in uterine activity parameters of the female located in its natural position, and didn’t affect on the fetal heart rate (3-factor analysis of variance - ANOVA). 10 minutes after EA, the momentary acceleration of female heart rate (9%) was recorded in relation to the reference level, which may be associated with transient hypotension. Thus, in conditions of our experience the bupivacaine (0,5% -1,0 ml) EA in induced labor of female rabbit has no significant effect on the uterus contractile activity and the functional state of the fetus. Short-term adaptive tachycardia is registered in females.

The study is aimed to investigate the distribution of alleles of HLA-DRB1 gene in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals in Russian population, and evaluate their significance as molecular genetic markers of rheumatoid arthritis predisposition and protection. The association between alleles of HLA-DRB1 genes, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides and IgM rheumatoid factor was also studied. Low and high resolution HLA-DRB1 genotyping were compared. In the cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, the alleles of HLA-DRB1 gene were found to be markers of rheumatoid arthritis protection/risk, especially in the homozygous state. They determined production of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides but were not associated with rheumatoid factor IgM levels. These findings support different autoimmune mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.

On an experimental model of chronic fibrotic liver damage (male rats Wistar (n=60), damage of CCl₄, the duration of the experiment 90 days) it was studied the effectiveness of cell therapy for the correction of chronic liver failure. These rats were divided into 3 experimental groups: in the I^st group (control, n=10) isotonic saline (650 mkl.) was injected; in the II^nd group (n=20) suspension of liver cells was applicated in a dose 8-10×10⁶ cells; in the III^rd group (n=30) suspension of liver cells and bone marrow cells (mesenchymal stromal cells) in ratio 5:1 were used as cell associates on microparticles injectable heterogeneous biopolymer hydrogel «SpheroGEL» (cell-engineering design) in common dose 8-10×10⁶ cells . It was ascertained that in the 2^nd and in the 3^rd groups the accelerated normalization of disturbed liver functional indices (ALT, AST, ALP) took place – to 30 days, but in the control group only to 90 days. The reliable differences in rats of normalization of functional indices were absent between the II^nd and the III^rd groups. But in 90 days by using special histological dyeing it was found out that defibrotic processes in liver tissue were more expressed in the III^rd group in comparison with the III^nd group. Received results were consequence of prolonged vital activity of cells (liver cells and mesenchymal stromal bone marrow cells) into cell-engineering designs, which were transplanted in the III^rd group. The obtained effect can be explained by that the developed cell-engineering designs provide adequate conditions for prolonged vital activity of the transplanted cells.

Adaptation of the brain and myocardium to ischemia by short shutdowns of the regional circulation (preconditioning) is an interesting and important subject. Nowadays it is discussed with animation in the scientific literature. However this problem is very complicated and contains a lot of contradictions. We tried to examine these contradictions and to find the reasons for this phenomenon.