Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences

Due to the high prevalence and increasing mortality from cancer, including gastrointestinal tumors, numerous challenges arise in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients, often requiring the intervention of doctors in related specialties. One such pressing issue is multidisciplinary collaboration between oncologists and gastroenterologists in clinical practice. The aim of this review is to systematize ideas about the multidisciplinary interaction of oncologists and gastroenterologists within the framework of the concept of oncogastroenterology from the standpoint of modern clinical recommendations, guidelines and consensus documents. This review also aims to attract the attention of medical specialists, increase scientific interest in this topic, and encourage multidisciplinary collaboration between oncologists and gastroenterologists. A search of relevant publications in PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus / Web of Science, and eLibrary.ru databases, as well as Russian specialized journals related to gastroenterology and oncology, was conducted over the past 10 years. A literature review revealed that cancer patients face numerous gastrointestinal barriers, which not only significantly impair their quality of life but can also impact treatment tolerability and the overall prognosis. The most common gastrointestinal toxicities associated with anticancer therapy include nausea and vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea, exocrine insufficiency, hepatotoxicity, as well as nutritional deficiencies and a high risk of sarcopenia. All these issues are successfully addressed in a close, multidisciplinary team of an oncologist and a gastroenterologist by selecting and prescribing an optimal protocol for managing adverse events. The uniqueness of this review lies in the opportunity to highlight the emerging subspecialty of oncogastroenterology, which may be the optimal step in addressing key issues arising at the intersection of these two specialties. This will help define the goals and objectives of specialists in this field and set the direction for multidisciplinary progress, thereby advancing both oncology and gastroenterology to a new level of medical development, not only to address current challenges but also to provide a protective perspective on the future through cancer prevention.

Impaired interferon (IFN) production plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of autoimmune diseases (AIDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), dermatomyositis, and others. This review examines both the physiological functions of IFNs under normal conditions (antiviral defense, regulation of apoptosis and necroptosis, antitumor immunity) and pathological changes in the IFN system associated with AIDs. Particular attention is paid to the concept of type I interferonopathies. Monogenic forms caused by mutations in genes controlling nucleic acid metabolism and IFN signaling pathways, leading to their hyperproduction, are analyzed. Using SLE and dermatomyositis as examples, the key role of excessive IFN signaling in the development of organ damage is demonstrated. Paradoxically, IFN-β drugs are used in MS therapy due to their immunomodulatory effect. A significant portion of this review is devoted to acquired disorders caused by viral infections. Viruses (herpes, hepatitis, SARS-CoV-2) can induce an autoimmune response through molecular mimicry and interfere with the IFN system at various levels: from blocking recognition receptors to epigenetic silencing of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This creates a vicious cycle in which chronic infection and IFN dysregulation exacerbate the autoimmune process. The conclusion emphasizes the dual nature of IFNs: their deficiency increases susceptibility to infections, while excess or dysfunction provokes autoimmunity. A promising direction is the study of IFN biological activity, the search for markers of treatment efficacy, and the development of methods for correcting IFN status (using exogenous IFNs or their inducers) in the complex treatment of AIDs.

Background. Nowadays, due to the widespread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in addition to traditional methods of treating surface infections using mechanical cleaning, antiseptics and antibiotics, variants of dressings with antibacterial coating with inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles are being investigated and tested. The development of affordable dressings and long-lasting medical textiles can significantly enhance the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.

Aims — evaluation of the antibacterial activity of textile samples treated with zinc oxide against the control strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and the polyresistant clinical strains Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods. Studies were performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Medical Research and Education Institute Lomonosov Moscow State University. The antibacterial properties of textile samples treated with zinc oxide produced by Infomedpharm Dialog Information and Exhibition Agency were tested according to GOST R ISO 20743:2012. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, a reference strain of St. aureus ATCC 25923 was used, along with clinical strains of K. pneumoniae that produce metallo-carbapenemase NDM and serine carbapenemase OXA-48, and P. aeruginosa that produce VIM carbapenemase.

Results. The antibacterial activity of textile with antimicrobial coating based on zinc oxide against St. aureus ATCC 25923 was 7.29, against P. aeruginosa — 7.62, against K. pneumoniae — 9.15. The inhibitory ability of the studied textile with an antibacterial coating was 99% for all studied isolates.

Conclusions. We have confirmed the high antibacterial activity of antibacterial-coated textile after incubation with both Gram-positive microorganisms and Gram-negative polyresistant isolates.

Background. Medical rehabilitation of children who have suffered from oncological and hematological diseases is a critically important stage for improving the long-term quality of life. However, in the regions of the Russian Federation, access to high quality, comprehensive and continuous rehabilitation care remains uneven, and existing organizational models are characterized by fragmentation and systemic deficits, which creates a significant gap in providing care to this category of patients.

Aims — to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state, identify key problems and needs in organizing rehabilitation care for children with oncological and hematological diseases at the regional level, based on expert assessment from the heads and specialists of relevant medical organizations.

Methods. In 2026, a single-point cross-sectional study was conducted using the structured questionnaire method. The object of the study was medical organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that provide care for children with oncohematological diseases (n = 65). The questionnaire assessed infrastructure capacity (departments, personnel, and equipment), applied models and stages of rehabilitation, as well as organizational and financial difficulties. The primary endpoint was a comprehensive assessment of the state of the rehabilitation care system at the regional level, analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis of qualitative data.

Results. The study involved 65 medical organizations from various regions of the Russian Federation. The results revealed systemic shortcomings. Unified rehabilitation programs are absent in 89.2% of regions, and the decision to initiate rehabilitation is predominantly (94%) made post hoc by the treating physician. Accessibility is limited to basic types of care; modern methods (neurocognitive rehabilitation, motor rehabilitation) are available in less than 15% of institutions, and home-based rehabilitation is not provided. The shortage of specialized professionals (rehabilitation specialists, neuropsychologists, physiotherapists) is assessed as critical, and regular professional development training is absent in 83% of cases. Funding is deemed insufficient for long-term multidisciplinary care in 98% of responses. Interagency cooperation with social and educational institutions is undeveloped. The care model is fragmented and heavily reliant on local resources and charitable contributions.

Conclusions. The study objectively confirmed the fragmentation and resource insufficiency of the medical rehabilitation system in pediatric oncology and hematology at the regional level. The obtained data form an evidence base for the immediate development of federal standards, implementation of telemedicine solutions, and centralization of methodological guidance to ensure equal access to quality care across the entire territory of the country.

Contemporary prosthodontics is shifting from retention-based full-coverage designs to biomimetic, tissue-sparing solutions that prioritize maximal enamel preservation, judicious dentin management, and sustained function and aesthetics. Aim. To synthesize current evidence on biomimetic materials and minimally invasive techniques in prosthodontics and to appraise their clinical reliability. Materials and methods. The review followed PRISMA 2020, with searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect (2020–2025). A total of 2,186 records were identified; after screening and full-text assessment, 71 publications were included in the synthesis. At the level of adhesive protocols, biomimetic luting relies on universal systems containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP); selective enamel etching improves retention and marginal adaptation compared with pure self-etch, while immediate dentin sealing is associated with higher overall survival of indirect restorations at a comparable level of postoperative comfort. For single-unit indirect restorations, self-adhesive resin cements are non-inferior to conventional resin cements when the substrate is properly conditioned. By materials, lithium disilicate used for partial-coverage restorations shows approximately 94% three-year survival with durable long-term outcomes; resin-matrix CAD/CAM materials provide acceptable mid-term reliability with prudent case selection; for zirconia, combined surface conditioning with phosphate-containing primers is critical. Minimally invasive designs allow restoration of anatomy and, when needed, occlusal vertical dimension without extensive preparation; debonding remains the main risk for adhesive solutions and is typically manageable by rebonding. Biomimetic materials and minimally invasive protocols constitute a predictable, tissue-conserving strategy for prosthodontic rehabilitation; enamel-oriented adhesion, appropriate zirconia surface conditioning, and an end-to-end digital workflow remain pivotal.