Vol 68, No 12 (2013)

During the last decade, stem cell research has developed at an accelerated pace. Various types of stem cells have been tested for myocardial infarction therapy. Despite the preclinical benefits of cell therapy success in clinical trials remains modest. The main obstacles to regeneration of the infarcted heart using stem cells are: 1) not every stem cell type can differentiate into cardiomyocytes; and 2) low survival rates of transplanted cells, due to the harsh environment of the infarcted myocardium. Hypoxic preconditioning (HP) has been shown to improve transplantation efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells in animal models of myocardial infarction. It has also been shown that transplantation of preconditioned cells decreases infarct size, prevents postinfarction remodeling of the heart, and positively modulates development of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Hypoxic preconditioning also prevents extensive death of transplanted cells due to necrosis and apoptosis during long-term hypoxia or oxidative stress. The protective effect of HP is based on three main processes: (1) modification of cell phenotypes to help survival during hypoxia (enhancement of HIF-1α expression, ERK1/2 and Akt activation, enhancement of erythropoietin receptor expression and erythropoietin production, and an elevation in levels of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL); (2) upregulation of various secretable factors including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and expression of VEGF-2 and HGF-receptors; (3) enhancement in the formation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors, which play an important role in mobilization and homing of stem cells in the ischemic region.

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92 children, age 8-17 years, with duodenum ulcer were under observation. The peculiarities of EGF level changes in human biological mediums, depending on phase of the disease. The highest EGF level was detected with acute peptic ulcer in the presence of ulcerous defects. EGF level increasing was marked out in the remission phases ulcerous defects healing, and it didn`t reach normal values in gastric juice. EGF content changes in biological mediums were revealed with different variants of duodenum ulcer clinical course in children. The lowest EGF level was marked out in blood, saliva and gastric juice with unfavorable course of the disease (frequent relapses, cicatricial-ulcerous strains formation), which can serve as a prognostic factor.

Relevance of research. Inflammatory bowel diseases are among the most severe pathologies in pediatric gastroenterology, often lead to disability. Despite the similarity of the clinic, pathogenetic mechanisms, the question of the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is relevant in view of their different prognosis and treatment strategy. In recent years, in medical uses infrared spectroscopy of blood serum for the differential diagnosis of various inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant tumors. Besides finding increasing application of mathematical methods for data processing, the so-called mathematical modeling of pathological processes, allowing objectify the survey results for a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis of pathological processes. Objective: improving the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in children. Patients: 21 children with ulcerative colitis, 56 children with Crohn's disease and 34 healthy children. The method of infrared spectroscopy of serum and mathematical modeling results through multivariate entropy analysis. Results: the obtained spectral characteristics of blood serum in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and in healthy children, as well as "images of disease" in these pathologies. Conclusion: The use of this medical technology reduced the time of diagnosis, which contributes to the timely choice of rational treatment strategies and provides an opportunity to avoid the development of complications, worsening of the disease.

Innovation development of pharmaceutical industry is close connected to knowledge transfer going to each subsequent life cycle phase of medicinal product. Formal regulation of technology and knowledge transfer is essential for achievement high quality during production of medicines designed during development phase. Conceptual tools, approaches and requirements are considered that are necessary for knowledge and technology transfer across all the life cycle phases of medicines. They are based on scientific knowledge of medicinal products and take into account both international and Russian regulations in the area of development, production and distribution of medicines. Importance of taking into consideration all aspects related to quality of medicines in all steps of technology transfer is shown. An approach is described for technology transfer organization for Russian pharmaceutical manufacturers based on international guides in this area.

In this article the work of the Omsk State Medical Academy’s department of general surgery is presented. The aim of study was tot treat patients with purulent and necrotic wounds of soft tissue by using novel hydrodynamical drainaige. In this research 92 patients were taken part, who were inpatient treatment in the department of purulent surgery City Clinical Hospital № 1 named Kabanov A. N.  2010 – 2013 with purulent and necrotic wounds of soft tissue. Clinical, laboratory, cytological, bacteriological monitoring were conducted over the of wound process during the treatment. Assessment of the reliability of differences between the mean value of clinical indicators was with the calculation of the criterion t – Student, the method x2 and Criterion Mann – Whitney U. The proposed method of treatment of purulent wound promotes fast the removal of necrotic tissue and pus in the first phase of the wound process that led to more rapid relief of symptoms of intoxication (fever, leukocytosis and common symptoms) at the patients of the basic group. Due to faster removal of necrotic tissue, reduction of common symptoms of intoxication at the patients of the basic group the transition from degenerative and inflammatory type of cystograms to regenerative occurred one or two days before than in the comparison group.

Individual alpha frequency (IAF) of electroencephalogram (EEG) is regarded as a neurophysiological endophenotypic indicator of cognitive activity featuring individual propensity to efficient cognitive performance and creativity. Considering that cognitive coping style is intrinsic part of emotional regulation, defining medical aspects of individual health as well as risks of psychosomatic diseases, we intended to assess IAF contribution into mechanisms of individual emotional reactivity. Participants and methods. As participants was healthy man subjects (n=62). Three models of laboratory induced emotions were used: emotional perception (1); anxious apprehension (awaiting of inescapable aversive punishment) (2); experience of discrete emotions of anger and joy (3). Results. It was revealed that high IAF individuals exhibit predisposition to prevalence of parasympathetic activity in the global circuit of autonomous regulation, proactive-like coping with inescapable threat, prevailing contribution of the positive emotional stance and better accessibility of recent positive memories. By contrast, low IAF subjects manifested predisposition to prevalence of sympathetic activity in the global circuit of autonomous regulation, maladaptive avoidance-like coping with inescapable threat, insufficiency positive emotional arousal mechanisms. Conclusions. It is suggested that IAF creates a «hardware» construct featuring individual emotional space and adaptability of coping styles to emotional challenges.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis the most of diseases. Important components of protecting cells from oxidative stress are antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant enzymes are characterized by population differences in enzyme activity. The purpose of the study to summarize and discuss information on genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in the most pathology. The development plays of the role of oxidative stress.