Nutritional and Hormonal Status of Premature Infants Born with Intrauterine Growth Restriction at the Term Corrected Age

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Abstract

Background: Inadequate nutrition supply during the period of intrauterine growth and the first year of life leads to persistent metabolic changes and provokes development of various diseases.

Aims: Тo compare physical development, body composition, and hormonal status (insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), somatotropic hormone (STH), C-Peptide, cortisol) indices in premature infants born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at the term corrected age with the same indices in mature infants with IUGR and premature infants with weight appropriate for their gestational age (GA).

Materials and methods: А crossover study of anthropometric measures, body composition and growth hormones changes assessment was carried out. It included 140 premature infants with weight appropriate for their GA, 58 premature infants with IUGR and 64 mature infants with IUGR. Anthropometric measures were assessed with Fenton and Anthro growth charts (WHO, 2009); body composition was studied with the air plethysmography method (РЕA POD, LMi, USA). Level of hormones in blood serum was assessed with biochemical methods.

Results: It is found that anthropometric measures in premature infants with weight appropriate for their GA and premature infants with IUGR at the term corrected age did not have any significant differences while premature infants with IUGR tended to have lower weight. Studying body composition we found that both groups of premature infants had slightly higher level of fat mass in comparison with mature infants. High concentration of insulin, cortisol, IGF-1, and C-peptide was found in premature and mature infants with IUGR. Instead, lower levels of STH was found in infants with IUGR. Formula fed premature infants (comparing to breastfed ones) had higher levels of fat mass, insulin, IGF-1, and C-peptide. Mature infants with IUGR did not tend to have the correlation between levels of fat mass, insulin, IGF-1, C-peptide, and type of feeding.

Conclusions: Not only insufficient intrauterine growth but also nutrition pattern plays important role in development of body composition disbalance and hormonal shifts in premature infants.

About the authors

I. A. Belyaeva

Scientific Centre of Children’s Health

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: belyaeva@nczd.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8717-2539
Moscow, Russian Federation Россия

L. S. Namazova-Baranova

Scientific Centre of Children’s Health

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: namazova@nczd.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation

E. P. Bombardirova

Scientific Centre of Children’s Health

Email: irinaneo@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6677-2914
Moscow, Russian Federation

M. V. Okuneva

Scientific Centre of Children’s Health

Email: dr.rita@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1378-6797
Moscow, Russian Federation

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