A single-stage population-based study of the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in children of secondary school age

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Abstract

Background: Various mild cognitive impairments in children are socially significant disorders that are often found in the practice of pediatric neurologists, but the apparent lack of epidemiological data does not allow us to judge the scale of the problem.  

Aims:  The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of combined mild cognitive disorders in a large cohort of Russian children, 5th grade students at school.

Materials and methods: The results of the examination of Russian schoolchildren of municipalities representing cities of all federal districts of the Russian Federation (RF) are analyzed. Cognitive functions were tested, which consisted of six subtests. According to the results of testing, using the method of assessing cognitive functions in population studies, the frequency of assigning participants to a high-risk group of combined mild cognitive impairment and the probability of diagnosis of combined mild cognitive impairment were evaluated. The analysis of the links between the breadth of results performed at the level of mild cognitive impairment, integrative cognitive success, the results of individual cognitive subtests with academic performance and the leading hand factor was carried out.      .

Results: 1,067 5th grade students at school were included in the study, 1,036 participants completed it, 51% of them girls. Belonging to the cluster of integrative cognitive successes and representation of the leading hand had no gender differences, subtests for visual-spatial perception/memory and constructive practice were better performed by boys (p< 0.001 and p = 0.020), and girls, as a rule, performed better subtests for verbal-logical thinking and voluntary activity. attention (p = 0.050 and p = 0.051). According to the results of cognitive testing, a high risk of combined mild cognitive impairment was detected in 30.2% of the examined, and the probability of diagnosis of combined mild cognitive impairment was 7.5%. It was found that of the studied factors, the breadth of the results obtained at the level of moderate cognitive impairment and the effectiveness of the verbal-logical thinking subtest are more related to academic performance. At the same time, the strength of these ties was very moderate. The image of the leading hand was in no way associated with cognitive factors, including academic performance at the level of moderate cognitive impairment, but left-handedness was partially associated with better academic performance in literature.

Conclusions: The results of the study, conducted for the first time on a multi-regional cohort of Russian schoolchildren, demonstrated a wide scale of the potential prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in children, and also revealed a number of patterns in the neurobiology of cognitive development.

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About the authors

George A. Karkashadze

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Author for correspondence.
Email: karkga@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8540-3858
SPIN-code: 6248-0970

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Tinatin Yu. Gogberashvili

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Email: tinatina2004@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9790-7490
SPIN-code: 5723-4805

PhD of Psychological Sciences

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Tatiana A. Konstantinidi

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Email: tkonstantinidi@list.ru
SPIN-code: 7971-2040

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Elena V. Kaytukova

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: sunrise_ok@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8936-3590
SPIN-code: 1272-7036

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow; 1, Moskvorechye str., 115578 Moscow

Elena A. Vishneva

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: vishneva.e@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7398-0562
SPIN-code: 1109-2810

MD, PhD, Professor of the RAS

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow; 1, Moskvorechye str., 115578 Moscow

Margarita A. Soloshenko

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Email: margosoloshenko@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6150-0880
SPIN-code: 2954-9873

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Natalia E. Sergeeva

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Email: natalia_023@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7218-8434
SPIN-code: 9332-5010
Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Kamilla E. Efendieva

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: kamillaef@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0317-2425
SPIN-code: 5773-3901

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow; 1, Moskvorechye str., 115578 Moscow

Natalia V. Ustinova

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Email: ust-doctor@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 5003-3852

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Alexander V. Pashkov

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

Email: avpashkov.mail@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3197-2879
SPIN-code: 2779-8496

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow

Elena V. Komarova

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: dr.klv@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6000-5418
SPIN-code: 2581-8021

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow; 1, Moskvorechye str., 115578 Moscow

Oksana M. Drapkina

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Email: ODrapkina@gnicpm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4453-8430
SPIN-code: 4456-1297

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ruslan N. Shepel

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Email: r.n.shepel@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8984-9056
SPIN-code: 3115-0515

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, Moscow

Kazbek S. Mezhidov

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Email: kmezhidov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6032-6286
SPIN-code: 6906-6680

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, Moscow

Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova

Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: leyla.s.namazova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2209-7531
SPIN-code: 1312-2147

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, 10/1 Fotievoy str., 119333, Moscow; 1, Moskvorechye str., 115578 Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig.1. Contribution of performance on individual cognitive subtests to the clustering of participants by integrative cognitive success

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3. Fig.2. Frequency of combinations of abnormal cognitive functions at the level of mild cognitive impairment (three or more abnormal functions) for each participant

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4. Fig.3. Mathematics performance with different numbers of subtests performed at the level of mild cognitive impairment

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5. Fig.4. Academic performance in the Russian language with different numbers of subtests performed at the level of mild cognitive impairment

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6. Fig.5. Performance in literature with different numbers of subtests performed at the level of mild cognitive impairment

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7. Fig.6. Academic performance of participants in various cognitive clusters

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8. Fig.7. Distribution by leading hand among groups of participants with different academic performance in the literature

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