The Role of Infections in Human Pathology

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Infectious diseases, due to their epidemic potential, are capable of global spread, they are unpredictable, and their effective control is possible only on a planetary scale. In no other field of medicine, such radical and often unpredictable changes occur in a short time in the form of the elimination of individual diseases, the identification of a large number of previously unknown and the return of already forgotten diseases, a significant change in the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of a significant number of them. Under these conditions, these changes often create problems for the health authorities and the public, ahead of their ability to recognize and respond in a timely manner to the emergence of epidemics and the transformation of pathological manifestations. Significant recent scientific progress has only slightly clarified our knowledge of the biological and genetic diversity of pathogens. Until now, the entire spectrum of infectious pathology remains unclear, and its numerous manifestations often take even experienced specialists by surprise. Evidence of our limited knowledge and ability to control the situation is the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic for three years now, the increasingly frequent detection of “new” infections, the return of infections declared defeated, evidence of the role of infectious factors in the etiology of many other human diseases.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Victor V. Maleev

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: maleyev@pcr.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5748-178X
SPIN-code: 1712-9809

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS
Russian Federation, Moscow

Vasily G. Akimkin

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: vgakimkin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4228-9044
SPIN-code: 4038-7455

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Antonina A. Ploskireva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Email: antoninna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3612-1889
SPIN-code: 1364-1257

MD, PhD, Professor of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Svetlana V. Ugleva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: uglevas@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1322-0155
SPIN-code: 8840-5814

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. ведущих причин смерти в мире. ВОЗ. 09.12.2020 [Электронный ресурс]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of death#:~:text=Причины%20смерти%20могут%20быть%20отнесены,Основные%20причины%20смерти%20в%20мире
  2. Покровский В.И., Пак С.Г., Брико Н., и др. Инфекционные болезни и эпидемиология: учебник. — 3-е изд., испр. и доп. — М.: ГЭОТАР-Медия, 2013. — 1008 с. [Pokrovskij VI, Pak SG, Briko N, i dr. Infekcionnye bolezni i epidemiologiya: uchebnik. 3-e izd., ispr. i dop. Moskva: GEOTAR-Mediya; 2013. 1008 s. (In Russ.)]
  3. Global report on infection prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/06-05-2022-who-launches-first-ever-global-report-on-infection-prevention-and-control
  4. О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2021 году: государственный доклад. — М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, 2022. — 340 с. [O sostoyanii sanitarno-epidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya v Rossijskoj Federacii v 2021 godu: gosudarstvennyj doklad. Moskva: Federal’naya sluzhba po nadzoru v sfere zashchity prav potrebitelej i blagopoluchiya cheloveka; 2022. 340 s. (In Russ.)]
  5. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19. World Health Organization. 03.08.2022 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---3-august-2022
  6. Малеев В.В. Новые инфекции в России // Федеральное руководство по использованию лекарственных средств. — 2017. — Вып. XVIII. — С. 553–569. [Maleev VV. Novye infekcii v Rossii // Federal’noе rukovodstvо po ispol’zovaniyu lekarstvennyh sredstv. 2017;XVIII:553–569. (In Russ.)]
  7. Zhang LY, Huang LS, Yue Y, et al. Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children: Early Observations from the 2022 Outbreak. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology. 2022;10(3):522–530. doi: https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2022.00281
  8. Monkeypox Outbreak: Global Trends. World Health Organization. 03.08.2022 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/#7_Useful_links_and_documentation
  9. Joint ECDC-WHO Regional Office for Europe Monkeypox Surveillance Bulletin. 03.08.2022 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m/item/joint-ecdc-who-regional-office-for-europe-monkeypox-surveillance-bulletin--3-august-2022
  10. Severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children — Multi-country. 12.07.2022 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON400
  11. Малеев В.В. Некоторые аспекты эволюции инфекционной патологии на современном этапе // Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. — 2020. — Т. 27. — № 4. — С. 18–26. [Maleyev VV. Selected aspects of infectious disease evolution in the modern world. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2020;27(4):18–26. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-4-18-26
  12. Thornhill JP, Barkati S, Walmsley Sh, et al. Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April-June 2022. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(8):679–691. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2207323
  13. Outbreaks and Emergencies Bulletin, Week 31: 25–31 July 2022. WHO African region [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates
  14. Global Map & Case Count [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/world-map.html
  15. Silva N, de Oliveira JS, Kroon EG, et al. Here, there, and everywhere: The wide host range and geographic distribution of zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Viruses. 2020;13(1):43. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010043
  16. José da Silva Domingos I, Silva de Oliveira J, Lorene Soares Rocha K, et al. Twenty years after bovine vaccinia in Brazil: Where we are and where are we going? Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;10(4):406. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040406
  17. Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreak: Global Trends [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/#7_Useful_links_and_documentation
  18. Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022–2030 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/strategies/global-health-sector-strategies/developing-ghss-2022-2030
  19. Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022–2030 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/strategies/global-health-sector-strategies/developing-ghss-2022-2030
  20. Ревич Б.А., Малеев В.В., Смирнова М.Д. Изменение климата и здоровье: оценки, индикаторы, прогнозы / под ред. Б.А. Ревича, А.О. Кокорина. — М.: Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН, 2019. — 196 с. [Revich BA, Maleev VV, Smirnova MD. Izmenenie klimata i zdorov’e: ocenki, indikatory, prognozy / pod red. BA Revicha, AO Kokorina. Moskva: Institut narodnohozyajstvennogo prognozirovaniya RAN; 2019. 196 s. (In Russ.)]
  21. Ревич Б.А., Малеев В.В., Смирнова М.Д., и др. Российский и международный опыт разработки планов действий по защите здоровья населения от климатических рисков // Гигиена и санитария. — 2020. — Т. 99. — № 2. — С. 176–181. [Revich BA, Maleev VV, Smirnova M D, et al. Russian and international experience in the development of action plans for the protection of human health from climate risks. Gigiena i Sanitariia. 2020;99(2):176–181. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-2-176-181
  22. Малов В.А., Малеев В.В. Домашние животные в современном обществе: скрытые угрозы // Терапевтический архив. — 2018. — Т. 90. — № 11. — С. 105–111. [Malov VA, Maleyev VV. Pets in modern society: Hidden threats. Therapeutic Archive. 2018;90(11):105–111. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.26442/terarkh201890114-111
  23. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008;451(7181):990–993. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06536
  24. Щелканов М.Ю., Колобухина Л.В., Бургасова О.А., и др. COVID-19: этиология, клиника, лечение // Инфекция и иммунитет. — 2020. — Т. 10. — № 3. — С. 421–445. [Shchelkanov MYu, Kolobukhina LV, Burgasova OA, et al. COVID-19: etiology, clinical picture, treatment // Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity = Infektsiya i immunitet. 2020;10(3):421–445. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619- CEC-1473
  25. Акимкин В.Г., Попова А.Ю., Плоскирева А.А., и др. COVID-19: эволюция пандемии в России. Сообщение I: Проявления эпидемического процесса COVID-19 // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. — 2022. — Т. 99. — № 3. — С. 269–286. [COVID-19: the evolution of the pandemic in Russia. Report I: Manifestations of the COVID-19 epidemic process. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii. 2022;99(3):269–286. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-276
  26. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 — 3 August 2022. World Health Organization [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---3-august-2022
  27. Щелканов М.Ю., Магассуба Н.Ф., Дедков В.Г., и др. Природный резервуар филовирусов и типы связанных с ними эпидемических вспышек на территории Африки // Вестник РАМН. — 2017. — Т. 72. — № 2. — С. 112–119. [Shchelkanov MY, Magassouba N, Dedkov VG, et al. Natural reservoir of filoviruses and types of associated epidemic outbreaks in Africa. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2017;72(2):112–119. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn803
  28. Dos Santos Grácio AJ, Grácio M. Plague in Madagascar. Tropical doctor. 2018;48(1):1–2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049475517749302
  29. Ebola virus disease — Democratic Republic of the Congo. 4 July 2022 [Electronic resource]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON398

Copyright (c) 2023 "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies