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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2184</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn2184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Infections in Human Pathology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль инфекций в патологии человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-178X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1712-9809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maleev</surname><given-names>Victor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеев</surname><given-names>Виктор Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>maleyev@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4038-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasily G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>vgakimkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1889</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1364-1257</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ploskireva</surname><given-names>Antonina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоскирева</surname><given-names>Антонина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор РАН</p></bio><email>antoninna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-0155</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8840-5814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ugleva</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Углева</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>uglevas@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-08-19"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-03-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2184">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2184</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Infectious diseases, due to their epidemic potential, are capable of global spread, they are unpredictable, and their effective control is possible only on a planetary scale. In no other field of medicine, such radical and often unpredictable changes occur in a short time in the form of the elimination of individual diseases, the identification of a large number of previously unknown and the return of already forgotten diseases, a significant change in the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of a significant number of them. Under these conditions, these changes often create problems for the health authorities and the public, ahead of their ability to recognize and respond in a timely manner to the emergence of epidemics and the transformation of pathological manifestations.</italic> Significant recent scientific progress has only slightly clarified our knowledge of the biological and genetic diversity of pathogens. Until now, the entire spectrum of infectious pathology remains unclear, and its numerous manifestations often take even experienced specialists by surprise. Evidence of our limited knowledge and ability to control the situation is the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic for three years now, the increasingly frequent detection of “new” infections, the return of infections declared defeated, evidence of the role of infectious factors in the etiology of many other human diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Инфекционные болезни вследствие эпидемического потенциала способны к глобальному распространению и отличаются непредсказуемостью, их эффективный контроль возможен лишь в планетарном масштабе. Ни в одной другой области медицины за короткий срок не происходят таких коренных и часто непредсказуемых изменений в виде ликвидации отдельных болезней, выявления большого числа неизвестных ранее и возвращения уже забытых заболеваний, существенного изменения патогенеза и клинической симптоматики значительного их числа. В этих условиях указанные изменения нередко создают проблемы для органов здравоохранения и общественности, опережают их способности осознавать и своевременно реагировать на возникновение эпидемий и трансформацию патологических проявлений. Значительный научный прогресс последнего времени лишь в малой степени прояснил наши знания о биологическом и генетическом разнообразии возбудителей болезней. До настоящего времени остается неясным весь спектр инфекционной патологии, и его многочисленные проявления нередко застают врасплох даже опытных специалистов. Свидетельствами ограниченности наших знаний и возможностей контролировать ситуацию являются текущая уже третий год пандемия </italic><italic>COVID</italic><italic>-19, все более частое выявление «новых» инфекций, возврат инфекций, объявленных побежденными, доказательства роли инфекционных факторов в этиологии многих других болезней человека.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infectious diseases</kwd><kwd>global distribution</kwd><kwd>pathogens</kwd><kwd>especially dangerous infections</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>“new” infections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекционные болезни</kwd><kwd>глобальное распространение</kwd><kwd>возбудители</kwd><kwd>особо опасные инфекции</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>«новые» инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>10 ведущих причин смерти в мире. ВОЗ. 09.12.2020 [Электронный ресурс]. 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