CONCEPTUAL BASES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY. PART 1

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Up to date there is a narrow and broad interpretation of the term biological safety (BS) the world over. In the narrow sense it is defined as availability of international regulations applied to diagnostic, manufacturing, or experimental works with pathogenic biological agents (PBA) in accordance with specified levels of biological hazard and BS. In a broader context it has no national, conceptual, terminological or defying basis. Therewith, establishment of this framework has become the core issue of the study. Investigations have revealed that BS should conceptually cover the whole sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare as well as related fields such as veterinary-sanitary, phytosanitary provision, ecological safety, environmental conditions (occupational, socio-economic and geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system), and be exercised to prevent and control emergency situations (ES) of biological character. It is demonstrated that this type of ES differs from ES in the sphere of public health care of international concern which is formalized in IHR (2005), in the way that it is characterized by high socio-economic and geopolitical significance of the negative influence on human vital activities, comparable with national and international security hazard. Elaborated is the conceptual, terminological and defying toolkit of the BS broad interpretation (27 terms).

 

About the authors

G. G. Onishchenko

Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: depart@gsen.ru
PhD, professor, member of RAMS, Head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-26-90 Россия

V. Yu. Smolenskii

Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russian Federation

Email: aidscouncil@gsen.ru
MD, Head of the scientific maintenance board of sanitation and epidemiological people welfare and international activity of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-26-93 Россия

E. B. Ezhlova

Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russian Federation

Email: ezhlova_eb@gsen.ru
MD, Head of the epidemiological surveillance board of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-18-67 Россия

Yu. V. Demina

Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russian Federation

Email: demina_jv@gsen.ru
MD, deputy head of the epidemiological surveillance board of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-27-17 Россия

V. P. Toporkov

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe», Saratov, Russian Federation

Email: rusrapi@microbe.ru
PhD, professor, Head of the epidemiology department of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 73-46-48 Россия

A. V. Toporkov

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe», Saratov, Russian Federation

Email: rusrapi@microbe.ru
PhD, deputy director in scientific and antiepidemic work of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 51-54-43 Россия

M. N. Lyapin

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe», Saratov, Russian Federation

Email: rusrapi@microbe.ru
MD, Head of the Laboratory of biosafety of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 73-46-48 Россия

V. V. Kutyrev

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe», Saratov, Russian Federation

Email: rusrapi@microbe.ru
PhD, professor, member of RAMS, director of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 26-21-31 Россия

References

  1. Cocke-Deegan R. The gene wars: science, politics and the human genome. New York: Norton. 1994. 416 p.
  2. Lyapin M.N., Ezhov I.N., Drozdov I.G., Kutyrev V.V. Molekulyarnaya meditsina = Molecular medicine. 2006; 3: 15–19.
  3. Biologicheskaya bezopasnost’. Terminy i opredeleniya. [Biological Safety. Terms and Definitions. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. Ed. Onishchenko G.G., Kutyrev V.V.]. Мoscow, Meditsina, 2011. 152 p.
  4. Onishchenko G.G., Fedorov Yu.M., Toporkov V.P. Kulichenko A.N., Karavaeva T.B., Shiyanova A.E., Kuklev E.V., Kutyrev V.V. Problemy osobo opasnykh infektsii = Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2003; 85: 3–19.
  5. Byulleten’ normativnykh i metodicheskikh dokumentov Gossanepidnadzora = Bulletin of Normative and Methodological Documents of Gossanepidnadzor. 2003; 3(13): 66–144.
  6. Bezopasnost’ raboty s mikroorganizmami III–IV grupp patogennosti (opasnosti) i vozbuditelyami parazitarnykh boleznei. Sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie pravila. [Safety Work with Microorganisms of III–IV Groups of Pathogenicity and Agents Causing Parasitic Diseases. Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules]. Мoscow, Federal’ny tsentr gigieny i epidemiologii Rospotrebnadzora, 2009. 75 p.
  7. Onishchenko G.G., Fedorov Yu.M., Tikhonov N.G., Lipnitskii A.V., Alekseev V.V. Epidemiologia i infekcionnye bolezni = Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2003; 2: 4–6.
  8. Cherkasskii B.L. Osobo opasnyye infektsii. [Specially Dangerous Diseases]. Мoscow, Meditsina, 1996. 159 p.
  9. Biorisk management. Laboratory biosecurity guidance [Internet]. World Health Organization [cited 2013 April 29]. 340 p. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/WHO_CDS_EPR_2006_6.pdf.
  10. Public health response to biological and chemical weapons: WHO guidance (2004) [Internet]. World Health Organization [cited 2013 May 7]. 340 p. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/delibepidemics/biochemguide/en.
  11. Guidance on regulations for the transport of infectious substances 2009-2010 WHO-2008. [Internet]. World Health Organization [cited 2013 April 17]. 29 p. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/WHO_HSE_EPR_2008_10.pdf
  12. Belyakov V.D., Degtyarev A.A., Ivannikov Yu.G. Kachestvo i effektivnost protivoepidemicheskikh meropriyatii. [Quality and Efficiency of the Carried Out Antiepidemic Measures]. Leningrad, Meditsina, 1981. 303 p.
  13. Organizatsiya likvidatsii mediko-sanitarnykh posledstvii biologicheskikh, khimicheskikh i radiatsionnykh terroristicheskikh aktov. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo. [Organization of Recovery of Medical and Sanitation Consequences of Biological, Chemical and Radiation Terrorist Acts. Practical Guidelines. Edited by Onishchenko G.G.]. Мoscow, 2005. 328 p.
  14. Protivodeistvie biologicheskomu terrorizmu. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po protivoepidemicheskomu obespecheniyu. [Biological Counterterrorism. Practical Guidelines for Disease Control. Edited by Onishchenko G.G.]. Мoscow, 2003. 301 p.
  15. Kovtun A.L., Poklonskii D.L. Molekulyarnaya meditsina = Molecular medicine. 2012; 5: 17–24.
  16. Suk G., Zmorzynska A., Hunger I., Biederbick W., Sasse J., Maidhof H., Semenza J. Dual-use research and technological diffusion: reconsidering the bioterrorism threat spectrum. PLoS Pathog. 2011; 7 (1).
  17. Seigelid M.J. Governance of dual-use research: an ethical dilemma. Bull. World Health Organ. 2009; 87 (9): 720–723.
  18. Biologicheskaya bezopasnost’. [Biological Safety]. Мoscow, Meditsina, 2006. 304 p.
  19. Onishchenko G.G., Sandakhchiev L.S., Netesov S.V., Martynyuk R.A. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk = Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2003; 73(3): 195–204.
  20. Ostrov Gryuinard — ostrov sibirskoi yazvy [Gruinard Island — Anthrax Island]. Available at: http://facte.ru/ostrov-gryuinard-ostrov-sibirskoj-yazvy.html (accessed 26.04.2013).
  21. Ocherki istorii chumy. Kniga 2: Chuma bakteriologicheskogo perioda. [Outline of Plague History. Book 2: Plague of Bacteriological Period]. Мoscow, Vuzovskaya kniga, 2006. 696 p.
  22. Ricin, Senate building — USA (Washington, DC). ProMED-mail [Internet]. 3 Feb 2004. Archive Number: 20040203.0402.
  23. Ricin — USA: (Washington, DC) letters. ProMED-mail [Internet]. 17 Apr 2013. Archive Number: 20130417.1652964.
  24. Toroc T.J., Tauxe R.V., Wise R.P. Livengood J.R, Sokolow R, Mauvais S, Birkness K.A, Skeels M.R, Horan J.M, Foster L.R. A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997; 278: 389–395.
  25. Protivodeistvie bioterrorizmu i biologicheskaya bezopasnost’. Uchebnoye posobiye dlya studentov meditsinskikh vuzov. [Counter Bioterrorism and Biological Safety. Training Manual for Students of Medical Universities]. Irkutsk, RIO GU NTs RVKh VSNTs SO RAMN, 2006. 138 p.
  26. Carus W.S. The Rajneeshees. In: Toxic terror: assessing terrorist use of chemical and biological weapons. J.B. Tucker (ed.). Cambridge: MA, MIT Press. 2000. p. 115–137.
  27. Trebin M.P. Terrorizm v XXI veke. [Terrorism in the XXI Century]. Minsk, Kharvest, 2003. 816 p.
  28. The Clock Is Ticking: A Progress Report on America's Preparedness to Prevent Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism. Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism. 2009. 27 p.
  29. Uniting against terrorism: recommendations for a global counterterrorism strategy. Report of the Secretary-General/United Nations Report A/60/825. [Internet]. Geneva: United Nations Report; 27 April 2006 [cited 2013 May 7]. Available at: http://www.un.org/unitingagainstterrorism/sg-terrorism-2may06.pdf
  30. European Union strategy against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Council of the European Union. Document no. 15708/3. [Internet]. Brussels : Council of the European Union. [cited 2010 December 10]. Available at: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/03/st15/st15708.en03.pdf
  31. Onishchenko G.G. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii = Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2008; 5: 54–57.
  32. Onishchenko G.G., Drozdov I.G. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk = Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2004; 5: 14–20.
  33. Bezopasnost’ zhiznedeyatelnosti. Uchebnik dlya vuzov. [Life Safety. Textbook for Universities. Ed. Belov S.V.]. Мoscow, 2001. 485 p.
  34. Kondrik V.K., Volkov V.Ya., Kavyzina L.I. Staritsin N.A., Urakov N.N. Analiticheskoe obosnovanie kontseptsii biologicheskoi bezopasnosti. [Analytical Substantiation of the Conception of Biological Safety]. Мoscow, 2003. 64 p.
  35. Osnovy ekologii i ekologicheskaya bezopasnost’. [Fundamentals of Ecology and Ecological Safety. Ed. Shkarin V.V., Kolpashchikova I.F.]. Nizhny Novgorod, 1998. 168 p.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 1970 "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies