Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC13210.15690/vramn.v68i10.781EDITORIALОТ РЕДАКЦИИCONCEPTUAL BASES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY. PART 1КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ. ЧАСТЬ IOnishchenkoG. G.ОнищенкоГ. Г.
Russian Federation

PhD, professor, member of RAMS, Head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-26-90

depart@gsen.ruSmolenskiiV. Yu.СмоленскийВ. Ю.
Russian Federation

MD, Head of the scientific maintenance board of sanitation and epidemiological people welfare and international activity of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-26-93

aidscouncil@gsen.ruEzhlovaE. B.ЕжловаЕ. Б.
Russian Federation

MD, Head of the epidemiological surveillance board of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-18-67

ezhlova_eb@gsen.ruDeminaYu. V.ДеминаЮ. В.
Russian Federation

MD, deputy head of the epidemiological surveillance board of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Address: build. 5 and 7, 18, Vadkovskii Court, Moscow, 127994, tel.: (499) 973-27-17

demina_jv@gsen.ruToporkovV. P.ТопорковВ. П.
Russian Federation

PhD, professor, Head of the epidemiology department of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 73-46-48

rusrapi@microbe.ruToporkovA. V.ТопорковА. В.
Russian Federation

PhD, deputy director in scientific and antiepidemic work of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 51-54-43

rusrapi@microbe.ruLyapinM. N.ЛяпинМ. Н.
Russian Federation

MD, Head of the Laboratory of biosafety of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 73-46-48

rusrapi@microbe.ruKutyrevV. V.КутыревВ. В.
Russian Federation

PhD, professor, member of RAMS, director of the Federal State Healthcare Institution “Russian Scientific Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe”. Address: 46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005, tel.: (8452) 26-21-31

rusrapi@microbe.ruFederal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russian FederationФедеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Москва, Российская ФедерацияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe», Saratov, Russian FederationРоссийский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб», Саратов, Российская Федерация101020136810Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук41307082015Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"1970"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/132

Up to date there is a narrow and broad interpretation of the term biological safety (BS) the world over. In the narrow sense it is defined as availability of international regulations applied to diagnostic, manufacturing, or experimental works with pathogenic biological agents (PBA) in accordance with specified levels of biological hazard and BS. In a broader context it has no national, conceptual, terminological or defying basis. Therewith, establishment of this framework has become the core issue of the study. Investigations have revealed that BS should conceptually cover the whole sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare as well as related fields such as veterinary-sanitary, phytosanitary provision, ecological safety, environmental conditions (occupational, socio-economic and geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system), and be exercised to prevent and control emergency situations (ES) of biological character. It is demonstrated that this type of ES differs from ES in the sphere of public health care of international concern which is formalized in IHR (2005), in the way that it is characterized by high socio-economic and geopolitical significance of the negative influence on human vital activities, comparable with national and international security hazard. Elaborated is the conceptual, terminological and defying toolkit of the BS broad interpretation (27 terms).

В современном представлении мирового сообщества существует узкая и широкая трактовка биологической безопасности. Смысл узкого понимания определяется наличием международных требований при работе (диагностической, производственной, экспериментальной) с патогенными биологическими агентами в соответствии с регламентированными уровнями биологической опасности и безопасности. Широкая трактовка биологической безопасности не имеет концептуальной, понятийной, терминологической и определительной основы. Создание концептуальной основы данного понятия и является целью настоящей работы. По результатам исследований установлено, что концептуально биологическая безопасность охватывает всю сферу санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, смежные с ней области ветеринарно-санитарного, фитосанитарного обеспечения, экологической безопасности, среду обитания (производственную, социально-экономическую, геополитическую инфраструктуру, экологическую систему) и осуществляется в целях предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций биологического характера. Показано, что отличием данной чрезвычайной ситуации от таковой в области общественного здравоохранения, имеющей международное значение, определенной в Международных медико-санитарных правилах (ММСП, 2005), является, как правило, высокая социально-экономическая и геополитическая значимость негативного влияния на жизнедеятельность человека, сопоставимая с угрозой национальной и международной безопасности. Разработанные концептуальные основы биологической безопасности требуют правового (законодательного), нормативного (подзаконного), методического закрепления на территории Российской Федерации, создания соответствующей терминологической базы.

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