The Parathyroid Hormone and Peptides Like It. Literature Review

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Abstract

Wide prevalence of the parathyroid glands pathology and the need for new methods of diagnosis and treatment are forcing researchers all over the world to go more deeply into the pathophysiological mechanisms. A parathyroid hormone (PTH) is main cause of mineral disorders. In addition, humans have a family with similar in structure molecules that contribute to the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The family includes PTH, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39, also known as PTH2). The genes encoding these peptides have highly homologous amino acid regions in the N-(amino) terminal receptor-binding sites of each family member, as well as the preserved structure of their organization, which seems to be due to the presence of one parent gene. The variety of classical and “non-classical” effects allows to expand the understanding of these substances and consider them as hormones that go beyond the regulation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism. The review provides information on the structure and biosynthesis of these peptides, as well as a wide range of their effects on the human body.

About the authors

Natalia G. Mokrysheva

Endocrinology Research centre

Email: parathyroid.enc@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9717-9742

MD, Sc.D., prof.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow.

SPIN-код: 5624-3875

Russian Federation

Julia A. Krupinova

Endocrinology Research centre

Email: j.krupinova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7963-5022

MD.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow.

SPIN-код: 6279-8247

Russian Federation

Elena V. Kovaleva

Endocrinology Research centre

Author for correspondence.
Email: elen.v.kovaleva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9258-2591

Postgraduate student.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow.

SPIN-код: 7387-6791

Russian Federation

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