УФ-излучение как фактор риска немеланомного рака кожи. Генетические детерминанты онкогенеза

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В обзоре представлены современные данные о роли ультрафиолетового излучения (УФ) в патогенезе немеланомного рака кожи, в частности изучена проблема развития плоскоклеточного и базальноклеточного рака кожи в популяции и при многокурсовом применении методов фототерапии (ПУВА, УФВ, УФВ-311) у больных псориазом. Рассматриваются механизмы УФ-индуцированного повреждения клетки разными спектральными диапазонами (УФА, УФВ), такие как формирование фотопродуктов, повреждение геномной ДНК и других клеточных структур, нарушение регуляции сигнальных путей, развитие хронического воспаления, вторичной иммуносупрессии. Обобщены результаты крупных эпидемиологических исследований, где обсуждается роль полиморфизмов гена гомологичной репарации ДНК XRCC3, гена теломеразы TERT-CLPTMI, гена цитокина IL10, гена MTHFR, кодирующего синтез фолатов, а также генов, участвующих в пигментообразовании (MC1R, EXOC2, UBAC), в модуляции риска канцерогенного действия ультрафиолетового излучения. По мнению авторов, значительный интерес представляют данные о роли полиморфизмов гена рецептора витамина D (VDR) как возможных предикторов риска развития немеланомного рака кожи. Рассматриваются дальнейшие перспективы научных исследований по изучению совокупной роли генома и факторов внешней среды в оценке риска немеланомного рака кожи.

Об авторах

Марьянна Борисовна Жилова

Государственный научный центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: zhilova2@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2545-2129
Доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением физиотерапии.

107076, Москва, ул. Короленко, д. 3 стр. 6.

Тел.: +7 (495) 785-20-47.

SPIN-код: 8930-4073

Россия

Мария Михайловна Бутарева

Государственный научный центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии

Email: butareva@cnikvi.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1521-1989

Доктор медицинских наук, и.о. заведующего клиникой.

107076, Москва, ул. Короленко, д. 3 стр. 6.

Тел.: +7 (495) 785-20-90.

SPIN-код: 8092-5896

Россия

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