ЦИРКУЛИРУЮЩИЕ ОПУХОЛЕВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ: КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПРИ РАКЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

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Аннотация

Многие исследователи рассматривают циркулирующие опухолевые клетки (ЦОК) в качестве одного из вариантов материала для «жидкостной биопсии в реальном времени». В данном обзоре обсуждаются клиническое значение ЦОК при раке молочной железы и, в частности, их прогностическая и предиктивная значимость при ранних стадиях и при метастатическом раке молочной железы, а также патогенетическая роль ЦОК в венозной тромбоэмболии. В настоящее время существует проблема широкого клинического использования детекции ЦОК в крови онкологических больных из-за отсутствия стандартизированных методов их обнаружения. Технологии, одобренные FDA, такие как CellSearch (Veridex, Warren, NJ, США), RCCT (Janssen Diagnostics, США), используют для детекции ЦОК в крови антитела к EpCam или к цитокератинам 8, 18 и 19. Недостатком данных технологий является отсутствие в панели маркеров стволовости и эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода опухолевых клеток и их переходных состояний, а также маркеров, позволяющих выявлять атипические субпопуляции ЦОК. Оценка различных характеристик ЦОК является перспективной для изучения новых биомаркеров и мишеней для таргетной терапии. Особое клиническое значение имеет определение гетерогенности ЦОК и, в частности, стволовой субпопуляции данных клеток, клеток с признаками эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода, без признаков стволовости и с сочетанием этих признаков. Следует отметить, что наличие опухолевых клеток в циркуляции и в местах метастазирования не является достаточным условием для развития макрометастаза. Процесс метастазирования определяется не только свойствами опухолевых клеток, но и условиями среды («почвы»), которые обеспечивают их выживание и пролиферацию в отдаленных органах и тканях.

Об авторах

Евгения Викторовна Кайгородова

Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: zlobinae@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4378-6915
Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения патологической анатомии и цитологии Томского НИИ онкологии; профессор кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики ГОУ ВПО СибГМУ Россия

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