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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">833</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn833</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN BREAST CANCER (REVIEW)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЦИРКУЛИРУЮЩИЕ ОПУХОЛЕВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ: КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПРИ РАКЕ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-6915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaigorodova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайгородова</surname><given-names>Евгения Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения патологической анатомии и цитологии Томского НИИ онкологии; профессор кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики ГОУ ВПО СибГМУ</p></bio><email>zlobinae@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>72</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>450</fpage><lpage>457</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2018-12-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/833">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/833</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) constitute a heterogeneous population. Some tumor cells are cancer stem cells (CSCs), while others are in the process of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, most CTCs are neither stem cells nor participants in the EMT. There is increasing interest in the study of the molecular biological characteristics of CTCs. Many researchers consider circulating tumor cells (CTC) as one of the variants of «liquid biopsy in real time». In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of CTCs in breast cancer and in particular the prognostic and predictive significance both in early stage and metastatic breast cancer, as well as the pathogenetic role of CTCs in venous thromboembolism. Evaluation of various characteristics of CTCs is promising for the study of new biomarkers and targets for targeted therapies. The clinical importance involves the determination of the heterogeneity of the CТC and in particular of the stem subpopulation of these cells, cells with signs of EMТ, with no evidence of stem cells, and with a combination of these features.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Многие исследователи рассматривают циркулирующие опухолевые клетки (ЦОК) в качестве одного из вариантов материала для «жидкостной биопсии в реальном времени». В данном обзоре обсуждаются клиническое значение ЦОК при раке молочной железы и, в частности, их прогностическая и предиктивная значимость при ранних стадиях и при метастатическом раке молочной железы, а также патогенетическая роль ЦОК в венозной тромбоэмболии. В настоящее время существует проблема широкого клинического использования детекции ЦОК в крови онкологических больных из-за отсутствия стандартизированных методов их обнаружения. Технологии, одобренные FDA, такие как CellSearch (Veridex, Warren, NJ, США), RCCT (Janssen Diagnostics, США), используют для детекции ЦОК в крови антитела к EpCam или к цитокератинам 8, 18 и 19. Недостатком данных технологий является отсутствие в панели маркеров стволовости и эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода опухолевых клеток и их переходных состояний, а также маркеров, позволяющих выявлять атипические субпопуляции ЦОК. Оценка различных характеристик ЦОК является перспективной для изучения новых биомаркеров и мишеней для таргетной терапии. Особое клиническое значение имеет определение гетерогенности ЦОК и, в частности, стволовой субпопуляции данных клеток, клеток с признаками эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода, без признаков стволовости и с сочетанием этих признаков. Следует отметить, что наличие опухолевых клеток в циркуляции и в местах метастазирования не является достаточным условием для развития макрометастаза. Процесс метастазирования определяется не только свойствами опухолевых клеток, но и условиями среды («почвы»), которые обеспечивают их выживание и пролиферацию в отдаленных органах и тканях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>circulating tumor cells (CTCs)</kwd><kwd>cancer stem cells (CSCs)</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>liquid biopsy in real time</kwd><kwd>venous thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>tumor heterogeneity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циркулирующие опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>стволовые опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>жидкостная биопсия</kwd><kwd>венозная тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>опухолевая гетерогенность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Томский НИМЦ, РНФ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Theodoropoulos PA, Polioudaki H, Agelaki S, et al. 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