NATURAL RESERVOIR OF FILOVIRUSES AND TYPES OF ASSOCIATED EPIDEMIC OUTBREAKS IN AFRICA

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Abstract

Family Filoviridae includes a set of etiological agents of human hemorrhagic fevers distributed in Africa: Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Marburg marburgvirus (MMARV). Historiography and recent taxonomical structure of Filoviridae family are considered in the review. The discussed data of laboratory and ecological-virological field researches demonstrate the presence of a natural reservoir of filoviruses among fruit-bats (Chiroptera, Megachiroptera) which carry filovirus infection without clinical signs but allocate viruses with urine, saliva, excrements, and sperm, as well as contain viruses in blood and internals. The potential hosts of filoviruses are various mammal species including the higher primacies (Anthropoidea) and the humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). A brief comparison of anatomic and morphologic features of fruit bats and bats (Chiroptera, Microchiroptera) belonging to another suborder of chiropterans is presented. The description of the basic characteristics of the four types of epidemic outbreaks linked with Filoviridae-associated fevers — speleological (from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον — cave), forest, rural, and urban are given; their possible transformation directions are considered as well.

About the authors

M. Yu. Shchelkanov

Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine; Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky Krai

Author for correspondence.
Email: adorob@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8610-7623

Vladivostok

Russian Federation

N. Magassouba

Donka National Hospital

Email: cmagassouba01@gmail.com
Conakry Guinea

V. G. Dedkov

Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology

Email: vgdedkov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5500-0169

Moscow

Russian Federation

G. A. Shipulin

Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology

Email: shipgerman@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3668-6601

Moscow

Russian Federation

I. V. Galkina

Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine

Email: galkina333@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7000-5833

Vladivostok

Russian Federation

A. Y. Popova

Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing; Russian Medical Academy of Postdegree Education

Email: depart@gsen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9817-5092

Moscow

Russian Federation

V. V. Maleev

Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology

Email: maleyev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8508-4367

Moscow

Russian Federation

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