Аптамеры для терапии бактериальных инфекций: проблемы и перспективы

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Аптамеры ― короткие одноцепочечные фрагменты нуклеиновых кислот, которые в процессе направленной химической «эволюции в пробирке» на основе технологии SELEX отбирают на специфичность к избранной молекулярной мишени. Возможность получать при помощи SELEX олигонуклеотиды, связывающие широчайший спектр высоко- и низкомолекулярных лигандов, а также простота автоматизированного синтеза привели к созданию широкого спектра приложений аптамеров ― от биосенсоров до противоопухолевых препаратов. С точки зрения медицинской химии, аптамеры являются новым классом молекул, на основе которых могут быть разработаны лекарственные препараты. Поэтому, а также ввиду стабильности, относительной простоты синтеза и создания все более эффективных стратегий селекции мишеньспецифических молекул аптамеры привлекают внимание разработчиков лекарственных средств, в том числе и антибактериальных. Интерес к антибактериальным аптамерам усиливается и в связи с проблемами, возникшими при разработке принципиально новых антибактериальных средств на основе классических химических соединений ― как малых органических молекул, так и синтетических модификаций известных антибиотиков. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются работы, направленные на создание противоинфекционных аптамеров, и обсуждаются как потенциал, так и существующие на данном этапе ограничения, свойственные этому классу терапевтических молекул.

Об авторах

Н. А. Зенинская

Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии

Email: nataliazeninskaya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5388-292X

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

Россия

А. В. Колесников

Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии;
Институт инженерной иммунологии

Email: pfu2000@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8108-0265

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск;

заведующий лабораторией иммунопротеомики микроорганизмов,

Любучаны

Россия

А. К. Рябко

Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии

Email: ryabko_alena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7478-909X

научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

Россия

И. Г. Шемякин

Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии

Email: shemyakin@obolensk.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9667-1674

доктор биологических наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

Россия

И. А. Дятлов

Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dyatlov@obolensk.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1078-4585

член-корреспондент РАМН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

А. В. Козырь

Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии

Email: avkozyr@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6295-5943

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

Россия

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