НЕЙРОПРОТЕКТИВНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ СУЛЬФАТИРОВАННЫХ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ ИЗ МОРСКИХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ

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В настоящее время нейродегенеративные заболевания (НДЗ) занимают значительное место в структуре  заболеваемости лиц пожилого возраста, что диктует необходимость поиска новых эффективных средств лечения и профилактики этой патологии.   В основе  развития  НДЗ лежит нарушение метаболизма и изменение конформации клеточных белков с  последующим накоплением и агрегацией их в определенных группах нейронов. Непосредственной причиной гибели пораженных нейронов при НДЗ является инициированный внутриклеточными белками апоптоз, в ходе которого освобождается большое количество медиатора глутамата. Следствием дисбаланса в синтезе и выделении соответствующих нейромедиаторов являются нарушения памяти, координации движений и мыслительных способностей человека. На основании анализа обширной   литературы  отечественных и   преимущественно зарубежных авторов  последнего  десятилетия  представлены современные данные о действии сульфатированных полисахаридов (СПС) из морских водорослей in vivo  и in vitro при дегенеративных процессах нервной системы.  Установлено, что благодаря своему многоточечному воздействию,  СПС оказывают на организм антиоксидантное, противовоспалительное, антиапоптотическое, антигиперлипидемическое, антитоксическое действие.  Вследствие этого  СПС могут купировать ряд вторичных патологических эффектов, наблюдаемых при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях  (окислительный стресс, воспалительный процесс, явление повышенного апоптоза нейронов, токсические эффекты и пр.). Многообразие патогенетических механизмов, лежащих в основе НДЗ, обусловливает возможность  сочетанного применения нейропротективных соединений, действующих последовательно на разных этапах патологического процесса. Накоплено достаточно много экспериментальных данных, позволяющих считать, что СПС могут быть основой для создания лекарственных препаратов нового поколения для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

 

Об авторах

Н. Н. Беседнова

Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии СО РАМН, Владивосток, Российская Федерация

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: besednoff_lev@mail.ru
RAMS academician, Senior Research Worker, Immunilogy Laboratory, G.P. Somova Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Siberian Branch of RAMS Address: 690087, Vladivostok, Selskaya St., 1; tel.: (423) 244-24-46 Россия

Л. М. Сомова

Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии СО РАМН, Владивосток, Российская Федерация

Email: l_somova@mail.ru
PhD, Professor, Senior Research Worker, Laboratory of Pathomorphology and Electron Microscopy, G.P. Somova Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Siberian Branch of RAMS Address: 690087, Vladivostok, Selskaya St., 1; tel.: (423) 244-14-38 Россия

С. А. Гуляев

Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет, Владивосток, Российская Федерация

Email: s.gulaeva1941@yandex.ru
PhD, Professor, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pacific State Medical University Address: 690002, Vladivostok, Ostryakov av., 2 Россия

Т. С. Запорожец

Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии СО РАМН, Владивосток, Российская Федерация

Email: niiem_vl@mail.ru
PhD, Deputy Director for Science, G.P. Somova Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Siberian Branch of RAMS Address: 690087, Vladivostok, Selskaya St., 1; tel.: (423) 244-24-34 Россия

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