GENETIC APPROACHES TO DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEREDITARY FORMS OF CONGENITAL ANIRIDIA

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Abstract

Congenital aniridia (AN) is a hereditary autosomal dominant developmental disorder of the eye. Heterozygous mutations in the PAX6 gene and chromosomal rearrangements involving the 11p13 locus lie behind the pathogenesis of the AN. The key role of the PAX6 gene in the regulation of embryogenesis and the pleiotropic effect of this transcription factor explain the damage of several tissues of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, brain structures, and the disturbance of morphogenesis and endocrine function of the pancreas observed in AN. Recently AN has been considered a syndromic pathology by several researchers. The review suggests classification and summarizes information on the clinical characteristics and genetic basis of various forms of AN. The problem of discrimination of clinical-genetic variants of the dysgenesis of the anterior segment of the eye and the differential diagnosis of PAX6-associated AN with WAGR syndrome, anterior dysgenesis, other rare monogenic and chromosomal syndromes is discussed, and the role of molecular diagnostics is emphasized.

About the authors

T. A. Vasilyeva

Research Center for Medical Genetics

Email: vasilyeva_debrie@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6744-0567
Moscow Россия

A. A. Voskresenskaya

S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

Email: vsolaris@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4213-4923
Cheboksary Россия

O. V. Khlebnikova

Research Center for Medical Genetics

Email: khlebnikova@med-gen.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4947-4314
Moscow Россия

N. A. Pozdeyeva

S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution

Email: npozdeeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3637-3645
Cheboksary

A. V. Marakhonov

Research Center for Medical Genetics; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: marakhonov@generesearch.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0972-5118
Moscow, Dolgoprudny Россия

R. A. Zinchenko

Research Center for Medical Genetics; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: renazinchenko@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3586-3458
Moscow

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