GNOTOBIOLOGY IN MODERN BIO-MEDICAL RESEARCH

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

An overview of the present status and prospects of gnotobiology along with a role of normal microflora studied using laboratory animals with controlled microflora (gnotobiotes) is presented. The principal elements of gnotobiotechnology as well as possibilities of its using in both experimental and clinical investigations are analyzed. A multifaceted role of normal microflora in the host physiology and pathology prejudge the increasing importance of gnotiological models in various fields of biology and medicine, such as the development of new generations probiotics. An assessment and characteristics of selected microbial strains, host-microbe interactions etc. An organization of further complex gnotobiotic research is of prospective value.

 

About the authors

G. I. Podoprigora

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (RNRMU), Moscow
Research Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Moscow

Author for correspondence.
Email: gipodoprigora@yandex.ru
доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор НИИ цитохимии и молеку- лярной фармакологии Адрес: 115404, Москва, ул. 6-я Радиальная, д. 24, стр. 14 Тел./факс: (495) 327-49-87 Russian Federation

L. I. Kafarskaya

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (RNRMU), Moscow

Email: likmed@mail.ru
доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии РНИМУ им. Н.А. Пирогова Адрес: 117869, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1 Тел.: (495) 434-17-66 Russian Federation

N. A. Bainov

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov (RNRMU), Moscow

Email: vonib@mail.ru
кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии РНИМУ им. Н.А. Пирогова Адрес: 117869, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1 Тел.: (495) 434-17-66 Russian Federation

References

  1. Luckey T.D. Germfree Life and Gnotobiology. New York, London: Academic Press. 1963. 512.
  2. Trexler P.C., Reynolds L.I. Flexible film apparatus for the rearing and use of germfree animals. Appl. Microbiol. 1957; 5 (6): 406–412.
  3. Podoprigora G.I. Znachenie NIL eLsperimental`no-biologichesLikh modelei` rossii`sLoi` AMN v stanovlenii i razvitii gnotobiologii v Rossii. Baltic J. Lab. Anim. Sci. 1997; 7: 232–243.
  4. Sedlacek R.S. Gnotobiotics with micro-isolators utilising ventilated cages and automatic watering. Micorecology and Therapy. 1999; 28: 55–61
  5. Podoprigora G.I. MeditcinsLaia gnotobiologiia. M.: MIA. 2003. 271.
  6. Podoprigora G.I., Bai`nov N.A., ShLoporov A.N. i dr. Ocen-L a e`ffeLtivnosti sterilizatcii vozduha pri Lombinirovannom ispol`zovanii ustanovLi «potoL 150-M-01» s NERA-fil`trom v gnotobiologichesLom izoliatore. Sterilizatciia i gospital`ny`e infeLtcii. 2009; 2 (12): 34–39.
  7. Fedorov N.A., Koriaqina I.K., Podoprigora G.I. Izuchenie prirody` toLsichesLikh faLtorov pri ozhogakh v usloviiakh gnotobiologichesLogo eLsperimenta. Biull. E`qsp. Biol. Med. 197; 10: 81–84.
  8. Isaqov Iu.F., Stepanov E`.A., Podoprigora G.I., Ginodman G.A. Mestnaia gnotobiologichesLaia izoliatciia pri lechenii infitcirovanny`kh ran. Vestn. hirurgii im. I.I. GreLova. 1976; 116 (5): 53–58.
  9. Podoprigora G.I., Ginodman, G.A. Metod lecheniia ran. Biull. otqry`tii` i izobretenii`. 1977; 41: 15.
  10. Ginodman G.A., Nemsadze V.P., Korschunov V.M. and Dadamjan R.A. Why we need the local gnotobiological isolation: 25 the summer experience of the treatment of wounds in children. Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Gnotobiology. June 24–28, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 1996. 63.
  11. IsaLov Iu.F. Stepanov E`.A., Podoprigora G.I., Nemsadze V.P. Ginodman G.A. Gnotobiologiia v hirurgii. M.: «Meditcina». 1982. 223.
  12. BeloLry`senLo S.S., Podoprigora G.I., Ginodman G.A. ELologichesqie izmeneniia v miLroflore gnoi`ny`kh ran v usloviiakh mestnoi` gnotobiologichesLoi` izoliatcii. Vestn. AMN SSSR. 1978; 1: 46–50.
  13. van der Waaij D. Antibiotic choice: the importance of colonization resistance. New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. 1983. 132.
  14. Pittet D., Allegranzi B., Storr J., et al. Infection control as a major World Health Organization priority for developing countries. J. Hosp. Infect. 2008;68 (4): 285–292.
  15. ITOH K., NARUSHIMA S. Intestinal flora of animal models of human diseases as an environmental factor. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol. 2005; 6 (1): 9–15.
  16. Crawford P.A., Gordon J.I. Microbial regulation of intestinal radiosensitivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2005; 102 (37): 13254– 13259.
  17. Stappenbeck T.S., Hooper L.V., Gordon J.I. Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002; 99 (24): 15451–1545.
  18. Backhed F., Manchester J.K., Semenkovich C.F., Gordon J.I. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007; 104 (3): 979–984.
  19. Martin F.P., Dumas M.E., Wang Y., et al. A top-down systems biology view of microbiome-mammalian metabolic interactions in a mouse model. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2007; 3: 112.
  20. Backhed F., Ding H., Wang T. et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004; 101 (44): 15718–15723.
  21. Hooper L.V., Midtvedt T., Gordon J.I. How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine. Annu Rev. Nutr. 2002; 22: 283–307.
  22. Modern Trends in Systems Biology. Virtual Modelling and Regulation. G.I. Podoprigora, Y.R. Nartsissov (eds.). Proceedings of the 14th Workshop of International Study Group for Systems Biology. September 6–10, Vladimir. 2010. 172.
  23. Sobko T., Huang L., Midtvedt T. et al. Generation of NO by probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2006; 41 (6): 985–991.
  24. Ewaschuk J.B., Backer J.L., Churchill T.A. et al. Surface expression of Toll-like receptor 9 is upregulated on intestinal epithelial cells in response to pathogenic bacterial DNA. Infect. Immun. 2007; 75 (5): 2572–2579.
  25. Cario E., Gerken G., Podolsky D.K. Toll-like receptor 2 controls mucosal inflammation by regulating epithelial barrier function. Gastroenterology. 2007; 132 (4): 1359–1374.
  26. Macpherson A.J., Uhr T. Compartmentalization of the mucosal immune responses to commensal intestinal bacteria. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2004; 1029: 36–43.
  27. Macdonald T.T., Monteleone G. Immunity, inflammation, and allergy in the gut. Science. 2005; 307 (5717): 1920–1925.
  28. Cash H.L., Whitham C.V., Behrendt C.L., Hooper L.V. Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin. Science. 2006; 313 (5790): 1126–1130.
  29. Pollard M., Wostmann B.S. Increased life span among germfree rats. Progr. Clin. Biol. Res. B.S. Wostmann et al. (eds.). New York. 1985; 181: 75–76.
  30. BRUMMEL T., CHING A., SEROUDE L., SIMON A.F., BENZER S. Drosophila lifespan enhancement by exogenous bacteria. PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA. 2004; 101 (35): 12974–12979
  31. McLaughlin M.M., Dacquisto M.P., Jacobus D.P., Horowitz R.E. Effect of the germfree state on responses of mice to whole-body irradiation. Radiat. Res. 1964; 23:333–349.
  32. Matsuzawa T. Survival time in germfree mice after lethal whole body X-irradiation. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1965; 85: 257–263.
  33. Onoue M., Uchida K., Yokokura T., Takahashi T., Mutai M. Effect of intestinal microflora on the survival time of mice exposed to lethal whole-body gamma irradiation. Radiat. Res. 1981; 88 (3): 533–541.
  34. Hirayama K., Itoh K. Human flora-associated (HFA) animals as a model for studying the role of intestinal flora in human health and disease. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol. 2005; 6 (2): 69–75.
  35. Ljungh A. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 2002; 3 (4): 4.
  36. Freter R.R., Irminger J.C., Porter J.A., Jones S.D., Stiles C.D. A novel 7-nucleotide motif located in 3’ untranslated sequences of the immediate-early gene set mediates platelet-derived growth factor induction of the JE gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 1992; 12 (12): 5288–5300.
  37. Bevins C.L.The Paneth cell and the innate immune response. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 2004; 20 (6): 572–580.
  38. Podoprigora G.I., Communian L.B., Pimentel E.F., Moura L.N., Cara D.C., Nicoli J.R. and Vieira E.C. Stimulatory effect of grampositive and gram-negative probiotics on the host mononuclear phagocyte system in gnotobiotic mice. Microecology and Therapy. 1999; 28: 177–191.
  39. Zoetendal E.G., Akkermans A.D., De Vos W.M. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA from human fecal samples reveals stable and host-specific communities of active bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1998; 64 (10): 3854–3859.
  40. Tannock G.W., Munro K., Harmsen H.J., Welling G.W., Smart J, Gopal P.K. Analysis of the fecal microflora of human subjects consuming a probiotic product containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000; 66 (6): 2578–2588.
  41. Tannock G.W. New perceptions of the gut microbiota: implications for future research. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 2005; 34 (3): 361–382

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

Copyright (c) 2012 "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies