Analysis of the Risk of COVID-19 in the Post-Vaccination Period Based on the Results of a Multicenter Study — a Survey of Medical Workers

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Abstract

Background. One of the vulnerable categories of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic has become employees of medical and educational institutions. Timely and properly organized prevention, based on anti-epidemic measures based on vaccination, is necessary not only to reduce the incidence of the disease, but primarily to reduce the severity in case of its occurrence, reduce the risk of hospitalization. Understanding the effectiveness of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers is a critical component of occupational health and safety policy and strategy.

Aim — analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 after vaccination among medical staff and teaching staff of medical higher educational institutions.

Methods. In the period from January to March 2022, a cross-sectional retrospective single-stage online study was conducted (anonymous questionnaires posted on the Anketologist platform). The survey was completed by 6032 respondents (82% efficiency). According to the criteria, 2114 respondents were excluded from the study. The analysis was carried out according to the questionnaires of 3918 respondents, including an assessment of the incidence after vaccination (n = 3668 respondents).

Results. Fell ill after a double vaccination for 5 months — 663 (16.9%). Unvaccinated respondents reported that within 5 months. prior to the survey, 116 (46.4%) had a laboratory-confirmed new coronavirus infection. Lack of vaccination increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.78 ± 0.14; 95% CI: 1.34–2.36). Efficiency within 5 months post-vaccination period was 55.5% (95% CI: 42.2–57.7%) for Sputnik V; 71.9% (95% CI: 68.1–85.4%) — Sputnik Light. It was found that gender and age were not a risk factor for the onset of the disease in the post-vaccination period. The presence of a history of previous COVID-19 increased the risk of disease in the post-vaccination period in individuals under 35 years of age (OR 2.323 ± 0.102; 95% CI: 1.903–2.836), aged 36–64 years (OR 2.547 ± 0.086; 95% CI: 2.150–3.016), older than 65 years (OR 1.323 ± 0.280; 95% CI: 0.764–2.290). Respondents with a history of a combination of chronic cardiovascular pathology and past COVID-19 had a higher risk of getting sick in the post-vaccination period (OR 1.338 ± 0.160; 95% CI: 0.977–1.832).

Conclusion. According to the questionnaire, an important factor affecting the risk of COVID-19 in the post-vaccination period is the presence of SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination, which can increase the chance of developing the disease in the presence of other risk factors (chronic pathology, age, smoking, alcohol consumption).

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About the authors

Evgeniya A. Medvedeva

A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: evgeniya0103med@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7786-3777
SPIN-code: 7164-3821

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Kirill A. Zykov

A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Institution Research Institute of Pulmonology, FMBA of Russia

Email: kiriliaz@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3385-2632
SPIN-code: 6269-7990

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Herman G. Marin

Russian Academy of Sciences; Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: ger-marin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2179-8421
SPIN-code: 4205-1746

MD, PhD, Professor, Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Antonina A. Ploskireva

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: zdk@pcr.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3612-1889
SPIN-code: 1364-1257

MD, PhD, Professor of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Oksana A. Svitich

I.I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums

Email: svitichoa@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1757-8389
SPIN-code: 8802-5569

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alla N. Kaira

Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education;
I.I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums

Email: allakaira@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9378-6414
SPIN-code: 5207-4570

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Dmitry A. Nazarov

Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko

Email: kardiohirurg@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2925-1527
SPIN-code: 8830-3003

MD deputy Chief physician for medical work

Russian Federation, Moscow

Igor O. Volynkov

Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko

Email: gvkgsed@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3276-7372
SPIN-code: 9936-9140

Head of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Department

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander A. Kuzin

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

Email: paster-spb@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9154-7017
SPIN-code: 6220-1218

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anatoliy V. Kubyshkin

Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky

Email: kubyshkin_av@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1309-4005
SPIN-code: 6797-9631

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea

Alexey V. Tutelyan

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: bio-tav@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2706-6689
SPIN-code: 8150-2230

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Valery V. Beregovykh

Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: beregovykh@pran.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0210-4570
SPIN-code: 5940-7554

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

Tatyana A. Chebotareva

Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: t_sheina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6607-3793
SPIN-code: 1053-8790

MD, PhD, Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

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