ПИТАНИЕ МАТЕРИ И ПРОБЛЕМА ВНУТРИУТРОБНОГО ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ РЕБЕНКА

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Условия развития в перинатальный период, такие как повышение или понижение питания матери, могут программировать определенные изменения интеграции основных физиологических систем плода и ребенка, в частности артериальную гипертензию, дислипидемию и диабет 2-го типа, часто объединяемые в мировой литературе названием «кардиометаболические заболевания». Такое программирование может быть понято в контексте феномена фенотипической пластичности, представляющего собой изменение фенотипа в ответ на эпигенетические воздействия без изменения генотипа. Экспериментальные исследования на животных (крысы, овцы, приматы) подтверждают возможность развития кардиометаболических заболеваний в ответ на неблагоприятные условия внутриутробной среды. Обсуждается значение генетического полиморфизма, маркеров хронического воспаления, окислительного стресса, эндотелиальной дисфункции, нарушения синтеза лептина, активности ренин-ангиотензиновой ситемы в программировании этих заболеваний. Показано, как повышение питания или ограничение содержания белка в рационе матери меняют периферический и центральный контроль артериального давления и метаболизма. Полноценное грудное кормление в постнатальном периоде способно нивелировать предрасположенность к кардиометаболическим заболеваниям, связанную с генетическими полиморфизмами. Понимание механизмов, посредством которых количество и качество питания матери во время беременности и лактации влияют на состояние здоровья потомства на протяжении всей последующей жизни, может привести к формированию новых рекомендаций по питанию матерей, новорожденных детей с программируемой патологией, а также развитию технологий, направленных на предупреждение кардиометаболических заболеваний у детей и взрослых.

Об авторах

Ольга Петровна Ковтун

Уральский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: kovtun@usma.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4462-4179

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, ректор.

620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3, тел.: +7 (343) 214-86-52, SPIN-код: 9919-9048

Россия

Павел Борисович Цывьян

Уральский государственный медицинский университет; Уральский научно-исследовательский институт охраны материнства и младенчества

Email: pavel.tsyvian@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8186-6329

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой нормальной физиологии УГМУ МР; ведущий научный сотрудник УНИИОММ МР.

620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3, тел.: +7 (343) 214-86-79, SPIN-код: 1750-0200

Россия

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