CURRENT CONCEPTS OF HUMAN MICROSPORIDIOSIS

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Microsporidiosis is an ubiquitous opportunistic disease that usually appears in immunocompromised patients: AIDS patients or organ-transplant recipients. The infectious agents of disease are fungi-related obligate intracellular parasites – microsporidia. Alongside with Cryptosporidium and Cytomegalovirus, these parasites are the most common causative agents of diarrhea in HIV-infected patients. Intestinal form of microsporidiosis has been most frequently observed, but microsporidia can affect almost any organs of the human body, eyes, lungs, muscles, organs of the nervous system. The present paper overviews the current data on the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment methods of microsporidiosis.

 

 

About the authors

S. A. Timofeev

All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: ts-bio@yandex.ru

лаборант-исследователь лаборатории микробиологической защиты растений Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института защиты растений
Адрес: 121552, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, д. 3, тел.: +7 (812) 470-43-84

Россия

References

  1. Keeling P. Five Questions about Microsporidia. PLoS Pathogens. 2009; 5 (9): 1–3.
  2. Keeling P.J., Luker M.A., Palmer J.D. Evidence from beta-tubulin phylogeny that microsporidia evolved from within the fungi. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2007; 17: 23–31.
  3. Issi I. V., Voronin V. N. Tip Microsporidia – Mikrosporidii. V kn.: Protisty = Protista. Rukovodstvo po zoologii. Pod red. A.F. Alimova [Type Microsporidia - Microsporidias. In book: Protists = Protista. Guide to Zoology. Edited by A.F. Alimov]. St. Petersburg, RAN, 2007. p. 994–1045.
  4. Vavra J., Lukes, J. Microsporidia and «The Art of Living Together». In: Advances in Parasitology. D. Rollinson (ed.). New York: Academic Press. 2013. Р. 253–320.
  5. Microsporidiosis. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Available at: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/B60.8 (accessed: 14.01.2015).
  6. MeSH Browser. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2014. Microsporidiosis. URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D016881 (available: 14.01.2015).
  7. Microsporidiosis. USA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (updated November 29, 2013). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/microsporidiosis/index.html (accessed: 14.01.2015).
  8. Anane S., Attouchi H. Microsporidiosis: Epidemiology, clinical data and therapy. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 2010; 34 (8–9): 450–464.
  9. Didier E.S., Weiss L.M. Microsporidiosis: current status. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2006; 19: 485–492.
  10. Weber R., Bryan R.T., Schwartz D.A., Owen R.L. Human microsporidial infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1994; 7: 426–461.
  11. Brodskaya O.N. The role of protozoa in lung pathology. Atmosphere. Pul'monologiya i allergologiya = Pulmonology and Allergology. 2009; 3: 56–59.
  12. Ashfaq A., White A. Microsporidiasis. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Neuroparasitology and Tropical Neurology. Vol. 114. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2013. P. 183–191.
  13. Sharma S., Das S., Joseph J., Vemuganti G.K., Murthy S. Microsporidial keratitis: need for increased awareness. Surv. Ophthalmol. 2011; 56 (1): 1–22.
  14. Murthy S.I., Sangit V.A., Rathi V.M., Vemuganti G.K. Microsporidial spores can cross the intact Descemet membrane in deep stromal infection. Middle East Afr. J. Ophthalmol. 2013; 20 (1): 80–82.
  15. Yakovlev A.A., Sokolova O.I. Problem of microsporidiosis human infections is the first study of intestinal microsporidiosis spread among HIV-infected patients in Russia. Meditsina. XXI vek = Medicine. XXI Century. 2008; 13: 58–62.
  16. Bednarska M., Bajer A., Welc-Faleciak R., Czubkowski P., Teisseyre M., Graczyk T.K. The first case of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in Poland. Ann. Agric. Environ Med. 2013; 20 (2): 287–288.
  17. Abe N., Kimata I., Iseki M. Molecular evidence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2009; 71 (2): 217–219.
  18. Alkatan H. M., Al-Zaaidi S., Athmanathan S. Microsporidial keratitis: Literature review and report of 2 cases in a tertiary eye care center. Saudi J. Ophthalmol. 2012; 26 (2): 199–203.
  19. Agholi M., Hatam G.R., Motazedian M.H. Microsporidia and coccidia as causes of persistence diarrhea among liver transplant children: incidence rate and species/genotypes. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2013; 32 (2): 185–187.
  20. Yakoob J., Abbas Z., Beg M.A., Jafri W., Naz S., Khalid A., Khan R. Microsporidial infections due to Encephalitozoon intestinalis in non–HIV–infected patients with chronic diarrhoea. Epidemiol. Infect. 2012; 140 (10): 1773–1779.
  21. Bryan R., Schwartz D. Epidemiology of Microsporidiosis. In: The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis. M. Wittner, L. Weiss (eds.). Washington: ASM Press. 1999. P. 502–516.
  22. Raccurt C.P., Agnamey P., Sarfati C., Chouaki T., Totet A. Intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in a patient infected with HIV-1: first reported case in Chad. Med. Trop. (Mars). 2008; 68 (3): 307–308.
  23. Didier E.S., Stovall M.E., Green L.C., Brindley P.J., Sestak K., Didier P.J. Epidemiology of microsporidiosis: sources and modes of transmission. Vet. Parasitol. 2004; 126: 145–166.
  24. Abdelmalek R., Anane S., Chabchoub N., Essid R., Aoun K., Chaabéne T.B., Bouratbine A. Microsporidia and cryptosporidia coinfection in an HIV-infected newborn. Arch. Pediatr. 2011; 18: 562–564.
  25. Sharpstone D., Neild P., Crane R., Taylor C., Hodgson C., Sherwood R., Gazzard B., Bjarnason I. Small intestinal transit, absorption and permeability in patients with AIDS with and without diarrhea. Gut. 1999; 45: 70–76.
  26. Choudhary M.M., Metcalfe M.G., Arrambide K., Bern C., Visvesvara G.S., Pieniazek N.J., Bandea R.D., DeLeon-Carnes M., Adem P., Choudhary M.M., Zaki S.R., Saeed M.U. Tubulinosema sp. microsporidian myositis in immunosuppressed patient. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011; 17 (9): 1727–1730.
  27. Izquierdo F., Castro Hermida J. A., Fenoy S., Mezo M., González-Warleta M., del Aguila C. Detection of microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater and recreational rivers. Water Res. 2011; 45 (16): 4837–4843.
  28. Sokolova O.I., Dem'yanov A.V., Bours L.S., Did'e E.S., Skarlatto S.O., Sokolova Yu.Ya., Yakovlev A.A. Microsporidiosis in HIV-infected patients. VICh-infektsiya i immunosupressii = HIV and immunosuppression. 2011; 3 (3): 63–70.
  29. Nagpal A., Pritt B.S., Lorenz E.C., Amer H., Nasr S.H., Cornell L.D., Iqbal S., Wilhelm M.P. Disseminated microsporidiosis in a renal transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature. Transpl. Infect Dis. 2013; 15 (5): 526–532.
  30. Hocevar S. N., Paddock C. D., Spak C. W., Rosenblatt R., Diaz-Luna H., Castillo I., Luna S., Friedman G.C. Microsporidiosis acquired through solid organ transplantation: a public health investigation. Ann. Intern. Med. 2014; 160 (4): 213–220.
  31. Desoubeaux G., Maakaroun-Vermesse Z., Lier C., Bailly E., Morio F., Labarthe F., Bernard L., Chandenier J. Successful treatment with fumagillin of the first pediatric case of digestive microsporidiosis in a liver kidney transplant. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 2013; 15 (6): 250–259.
  32. Dacha S., Pham D., Cai Q. Microsporidiosis: an unusual endoscopic finding. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014; 12 (5): 37–38.
  33. Didier E.S., Weiss L.M. Microsporidiosis: not just in AIDS patients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2011; 24 (5): 490–495.
  34. Fernandes M., Sharma S. Polymicrobial and microsporidial keratitis in a patient using Boston scleral contact lens for Sjogren's syndrome and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Cont. Lens Anterior. Eye. 2013; 36 (2): 95–97.
  35. Theng J., Chan C., Ling M. L., Tan D. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a healthy contact lens wearer without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ophthalmology. 2001; 108 (5): 976–978.
  36. СSokolova O.I. Vyyavlenie mikrosporiidioza u VICh-infitsirovannykh patsientov v klinicheskoi infektsionnoi bol'nitse im. S.P. Botkina. Materialy 7-i Assamblei molodykh uchenykh i spetsialistov [Identification of Microsporidiosis in HIV-infected Patients at S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Hospital. Proceedings of the 7th Assembly of Young Scientists and Specialists]. St. Petersburg, SPbGU, 2002. P. 55.
  37. Kucerova Z., Sokolova O.I., Demyanov A.V., Kvac M., Sak B., Kvetonova D., Secor W.E. Microsporidiosis and Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in St. Petersburg, Russia: Serological identification of microsporidia and Cryptosporidium parvum in sera samples from HIV/AIDS patients. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 2011; 27 (1): 13–15.
  38. Sokolova O.I., Demyanov A.V., Bowers L.C., Didier E.S., Yakovlev A.V., Skarlato S.O., Sokolova Y.Y. Emerging microsporidian infections in Russian HIV-infected patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011; 49 (6): 2102–2108.
  39. Tham A.C., Sanjay S. Clinical spectrum of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2012; 40 (5): 512–518.
  40. Bettens S., Gigi J., Delmée M. Les infections à microsporidies. Louv. Med. 1999; 118: 446–456.
  41. Fournier S., Liguory O., Sarfati C., David-Ouaknine F., Derouin F., Decazes J.M., Molina J.M. Disseminated infection due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in a patient with AIDS: case report and review. HIV Med. 2000; 1: 155–161.
  42. Garcia L.S. Laboratory identification of the microsporidia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002; 40 (6): 1892–1901.
  43. Didier E.S., Maddry J.A., Brindley P.J., Stovall M.E., Didier P.J. Therapeutic strategies for human microsporidia infections. Exp. Rev. Infect. Ther. 2005; 3: 419–434.
  44. Akiyoshi D.E., Weiss L.M., Feng X., Williams B.A., Keeling P.J., Zhang Q., Tzipori S. Analysis of the beta-tubulin genes from Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates from a human and rhesus macaque. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2007; 54 (1): 38–41.
  45. Huang W.F., Solter L.F., Yau P.M., Imai B.S. Nosema ceranae escapes fumagillin control in honey bees. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9 (3): 1003185.
  46. Didier P.J., Philips J.N., Kuebler D.J., Nasr M., Brindley P.J., Stovall M.E., Bowers L.C., Didier E.S. Antimicrosporidial activities of Fumagillin, TNP-470. Ovalicin and Ovalicin derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2006; 50: 2146–2155.
  47. Dolgikh V.V., Senderskii I.V., Pavlova O.A., Naumov A.M. Unique features of energy metabolism as a result of microsporidia long adaptation to intracellular development. Parazitologiya = Parasitology. 2011; 42 (5) 147–157.
  48. Williams B.A., Elliot C., Burri L., Kido Y., Kita K., Moore A.L., Kido Y., Kita K., Moore A.L., Keeling P.J. A Broad Distribution of the Alternative Oxidase in Microsporidian Parasites. PLoS Pathog. 2010; 6 (2): 1000761.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2015 "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies