Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences
Bimonthly peer-review medical (miscellaneous) journal
The journal "Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk" = "Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences" is the authoritative scientific issue, it is published since 1946.
The journal releases regular articles, completed original clinical and experimental studies results in all spheres of medicine, and review articles on the most crucial problems of medical science and healthcare.
The main aims of the journal are the following:
- to team up scientists and practitioners;
- to draw attention to the most relevant, promising and interesting topics of medicine;
- to build up and to develop the most promising directions in scientific field;
- to provide relevant information on scientific research and new achievements;
- to maintain the experience and ideas exchange between scientists from various regions.
The journal is included in the List of leading scientific journals and publications of the Higher Attestation Commission, where the main results of scientific papers for Candidate and Doctor of medicine should be published.
The journal is indexed in Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, MedArt, Russian Science Citation Index (Web of Science).
SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) (2020): 0.122
CiteScore (CiteScore metrics) (2020): 1.0
SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) (2020): 0.271
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Inclusion to the list of journals that follow ICMJE RecommendationsPosted: 24.06.2016
The academic journal contacted the ICMJE and was included in the list of journals that follow the ICMJE's Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.
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Current Issue
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Vol 79, No 1 (2024)
- Year: 2024
- Articles: 13
- URL: https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/issue/view/96
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn.11
DERMATOLOGY and VENEROLOGY: current issues
Sarcoidosis of the Skin as an Interdisciplinary Problem
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas in several organs or tissues without caseous necrosis (fibrinoid necrosis may occur). With sarcoidosis, almost all organs and tissues can be affected, which determines the interdisciplinary nature of the problem. Skin sarcoidosis is one of the most common manifestations of systemic sarcoidosis. At the same time, the role of dermatologists in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is exceptionally large, since skin lesions are often the key to the discovery of systemic sarcoidosis, which allows internists to purposefully and timely diagnose and treat lesions of internal organs. Skin rashes in patients with sarcoidosis may occur secondarily against the background of specific lesions of the lungs, intrathoracic nodes and other internal organs, however, skin sarcoidosis may also develop primarily. All forms of skin sarcoidosis may be the only manifestation of the disease, and it is impossible to distinguish clinically and histologically between skin changes in systemic sarcoidosis and skin lesions alone. Treatment of skin sarcoidosis often presents great difficulties and includes, depending on the prevalence and activity of the process, local (corticosteroids, tacrolimus) and systemic therapy (immunomodulators, immunosuppressors, TNF inhibitors).
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Autoimmune Skin Diseases in Multiple Sclerosis: Comorbidity Issues and the Impact of Pathogenetic Therapy
Abstract
The number of autoimmune diseases (AS), currently numbering more than 100 nosological forms, is constantly growing and is a significant problem of clinical medicine. Advances in the definition of diagnostic biomarkers and clinical tests make it possible in most cases to carry out differential diagnosis of autoimmune pathology and prescribe personalized immunocorrection. The modern understanding of the mechanisms of AS is based on the breakdown of tolerance to their own antigens, which occurs in genetically predisposed individuals against the background of impaired immunoregulation. In this review, using the example of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a classic AS of the nervous system, a possible combination of common autoimmune mechanisms of MS and such common skin diseases as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis is considered. Advances in the field of pharmacy have accelerated the path from the creation of new molecules to the introduction of modern pathogenetic drugs into daily clinical practice. To prevent exacerbations and progression of MS, disease-modifying therapy of MS are currently used. This treatment is permanent and long-term, and it is very important to take into account the comorbid pathologies that develop against the background of this therapy. The review shows the effect of DMT on the manifestation of skin diseases. The use of modern bioengineered drugs can contribute both to the activation and emergence of new diseases, and to stabilize the patient’s condition in the presence of autoimmune comorbidity.
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Influence of Migration on the Situation with Syphilis in the Russian Federation
Abstract
Syphilis is a socially significant disease, and the relevance of monitoring its incidence rates remains constant. The spread and level of syphilis morbidity in the Russian Federation is strongly influenced by migration processes. Over the last 7 years the migration flow in the country has increased by 17.5% and the number of migrant workers, them has increased 3 times. It is contingent of people, that being a “vulnerable group”, and most off all exposed to risky sexual behavior and STI infection. In 2021 and 2022 there was a significant increase in the incidence of syphilis in the Russian Federation, compared to 2020 — by 69.7%. The increase in the incidence of syphilis is largely due to the growth of this indicator among foreign citizens (from 2801 cases in 2020 to 12 748 cases in 2022). The proportion of registered cases of syphilis among foreign citizens in 2022 was 45.9% of all detected cases, while 80% of syphilis patients were citizens of one of 3 countries — Kyrgyz Republic (30%), Republic of Uzbekistan (27%), Republic of Tajikistan (23%). In the structure of clinical forms of syphilis detected in foreign citizens 98% are hidden and unspecified forms of the disease, only 13% of migrants with syphilis were treated and 87% have no information about the fact of treatment. Thus, latent forms of the disease and low percentage of treated foreign citizens with diagnosed syphilis have a negative impact on the epidemiological situation of syphilis incidence. These facts testify to the formation of risks of epidemiological danger of syphilis among foreigners entering the territory of the country, which poses a direct threat to biological security of the Russian Federation and requires the development of a set of measures to prevent the spread of the disease.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES
The Theory of Self-Regulation of Parasitary Systems and COVID-19
Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic once again confirmed the correctness of the theory of Academician V.D. Belyakov, according to which the basis for the development of the epidemic process is a phase change in the heterogeneity of the biological properties of the interacting populations of the pathogen and humans. In accordance with the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems, changes are associated not only with genetic variability, but also with other polydeterminant characteristics of the pathogen: when new genovariants appeared, SARS-CoV-2 became less pathogenic for humans, but more contagious. This circumstance is important not only for theoretical, but also for practical epidemiology, as it makes it possible to predict the direction of development of the epidemic situation.
Aims — to evaluate the manifestations of the epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 through the prism of the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems.
Methods. An epidemiological retrospective analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 was carried out, including the study of absolute and intensive incidence rates per 100,000 population, the dynamics of changes in the properties of the coronavirus population, and the identification of SARS-CoV-2 genovariants for the period from 03.2020 to 04.2023. To analyze SARS-CoV-2 genovariants at various stages of the pandemic, we used sequencing data presented on the SARS-CoV-2 genome information aggregation platform Virus Genome Aggregator of Russia (VGARus) — more than 248 thousand genetic sequences.
Results. During the pandemic, there have been seven ups and downs in the incidence of COVID-19. During the period of circulation in the human population and adaptation to a new host, a significant amount of data has accumulated on the evolutionary changes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, taking into account the trends in the acquisition of new epidemiological properties.
Conclusion. An analysis of the manifestations of the epidemic process of COVID-19, as a classic aerosol anthroponosis, confirmed the correctness of the theory of Academician V.D. Belyakov, according to which the basis of its development is a phase change in the heterogeneity of the biological properties of the interacting populations of the pathogen and humans, based on negative feedback in the process of self-regulation.
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Analysis of the Risk of COVID-19 in the Post-Vaccination Period Based on the Results of a Multicenter Study — a Survey of Medical Workers
Abstract
Background. One of the vulnerable categories of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic has become employees of medical and educational institutions. Timely and properly organized prevention, based on anti-epidemic measures based on vaccination, is necessary not only to reduce the incidence of the disease, but primarily to reduce the severity in case of its occurrence, reduce the risk of hospitalization. Understanding the effectiveness of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers is a critical component of occupational health and safety policy and strategy.
Aim — analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 after vaccination among medical staff and teaching staff of medical higher educational institutions.
Methods. In the period from January to March 2022, a cross-sectional retrospective single-stage online study was conducted (anonymous questionnaires posted on the Anketologist platform). The survey was completed by 6032 respondents (82% efficiency). According to the criteria, 2114 respondents were excluded from the study. The analysis was carried out according to the questionnaires of 3918 respondents, including an assessment of the incidence after vaccination (n = 3668 respondents).
Results. Fell ill after a double vaccination for 5 months — 663 (16.9%). Unvaccinated respondents reported that within 5 months. prior to the survey, 116 (46.4%) had a laboratory-confirmed new coronavirus infection. Lack of vaccination increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.78 ± 0.14; 95% CI: 1.34–2.36). Efficiency within 5 months post-vaccination period was 55.5% (95% CI: 42.2–57.7%) for Sputnik V; 71.9% (95% CI: 68.1–85.4%) — Sputnik Light. It was found that gender and age were not a risk factor for the onset of the disease in the post-vaccination period. The presence of a history of previous COVID-19 increased the risk of disease in the post-vaccination period in individuals under 35 years of age (OR 2.323 ± 0.102; 95% CI: 1.903–2.836), aged 36–64 years (OR 2.547 ± 0.086; 95% CI: 2.150–3.016), older than 65 years (OR 1.323 ± 0.280; 95% CI: 0.764–2.290). Respondents with a history of a combination of chronic cardiovascular pathology and past COVID-19 had a higher risk of getting sick in the post-vaccination period (OR 1.338 ± 0.160; 95% CI: 0.977–1.832).
Conclusion. According to the questionnaire, an important factor affecting the risk of COVID-19 in the post-vaccination period is the presence of SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination, which can increase the chance of developing the disease in the presence of other risk factors (chronic pathology, age, smoking, alcohol consumption).
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PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES
Electrical Instability of the Myocardium in Children and Adolescents
Abstract
Currently, there is no doubt that the problem of electrical instability of the myocardium in pediatric cardiology is relevant. The determination of various indicators of electrical instability of the myocardium, which are predictors of life-threatening rhythm disorders and sudden cardiac death, presents an underdeveloped task not only for functional diagnostics specialists, but also for pediatricians, neonatologists, pediatric cardiologists and doctors of other specialties. Non-invasive research methods such as electrocardiography (ECG), Holter ECG monitoring (HM ECG), available in almost all pediatric treatment and prevention institutions, are quite informative in terms of detecting electrophysiological heterogeneity of the myocardium as a predictor of sudden cardiac death, which is especially important in children at risk, as well as young athletes. Thus, the determination of indicators of electrical instability of the myocardium is of great interest, it is a promising direction in modern clinical practice, allowing to predict the risk of developing fatal arrhythmias in children and adolescents.
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Overweight and Obesity in Children as Predictors of Early Puberty: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background. Obesity and overweight among children remains to be an actual problem. To date, the relationship between them and puberty has not been determined. Objective — to estimate the overweight and obesity impact on puberty in boys and girls.
Methods. The search for relevant sources was carried out in the Medline/PubMed, Researchgate, Elibrary, www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrialresults.org databases for the period from 2000 to 2023. Nine studies with a total of 24, 542 participants aged 0 to 18 years were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.
Results. A significant relationship was established between precocious puberty in overweight/obese girls OR 2.23 (CI 1.63–3.05; p < 0.00001) and a tendency to accelerated puberty in boys OR 1.43 (CI 0.92–2.23; p = 0.11).
Conclusion. Overweight and obesity in children are determinants of faster rates of puberty, in particular among girls.
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SURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES
Early Postoperative Complications after Pelvic Exenteration
Abstract
Background. Radiation therapy is an integral part of the treatment of most malignant neoplasms of the pelvic organs, which in 25–30% of cases can cause the development of late radiation complications; in addition, 2–8% of patients have severe complications with an outcome in fistulas of various localization. Also, tumors of this localization are prone to local-regional recurrence, which can be combined with late radiation injuries. One of the most radical, and, often, the only method of treating this extremely severe and prognostically unfavorable pathology is to perform evisceration of the pelvic organs; however, its implementation against the background of radiation damage to normal tissues, leading to a significant decrease in the reparative potential, inevitably leads to a high risk of postoperative complications.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of early postoperative complications on the Clavien–Dindo scale was carried out in 136 patients after pelvic evisceration performed at the A.F. Tsyba MRSC in 2019–2021. All patients in the perioperative period underwent complex conservative therapy, including nutritional support.
Results. Pelvic evisceration was performed due to the progression of the underlying disease in 57% of cases, in 29% — due to the development of severe late radiation injuries with an outcome in the fistula, in 14% — due to a combination of local recurrence of the underlying disease with radiation complications). Complications of grade I on the Clavien–Dindo scale were noted in 50%; II — in 20.5%; III — in 3.6%; grade IV — in 3%. There were no cases of postoperative mortality.
Conclusions. Conducting active preoperative preparation of patients aimed at correcting anemia, dysproteinemia, pain syndrome, etc.; as well as modifying surgical techniques and improving the management tactics of postoperative patients can minimize the risk of postoperative complications in patients after pelvic evisceration.
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ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome: Possibilities of Modern Diagnostics
Abstract
The ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms caused by chronic excess production of cortisol by the adrenal glands due to stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) of extrapituitary origin. EAS is a rare pathology, it accounts for approximately 20% of all cases of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism and up to 10% of all causes of endogenous autonomic cortisol production, however, it is often associated with severe hypercortisolism and is a life-threatening condition. The sources of ectopic secretion of ACTH are neuroendocrine tumors (NET), which differ in histological type, malignant potential, clinical course, and also have different, often difficult to detect localization. Early identification of ACTH -producing NET reduces the risk of death of the patient both from severe hypercortisolism and the tumor itself. The paper describes the features of the course of EAS, the possibilities of its diagnosis, and presents an algorithm for EAS diagnosis, created on the basis of the latest achievements of Russian and world medicine.
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ЮБИЛЕИ
To the 75th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Ivanovich Sergienko
Abstract
January 5, 2024 marked the 75th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Ivanovich Sergienko, a leading Russian specialist in the field of physico-chemical medicine.
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To the 75th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Gennady Petrovich Kotelnikov
Abstract
On January 11, 2024, the largest scientist in the field of traumatology and orthopedics, a talented organizer of healthcare and higher education, a public figure, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, three times laureate of the Government of the Russian Federation, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, academician, turned 75 RAS to Gennady Petrovich Kotelnikov.
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To the 75th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leyla Vladimirovna Adamyan
Abstract
January 20, 2024 marked the 75th anniversary of the birth of the largest specialist and outstanding scientist in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, laureate of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, full Knight of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leyla Vladimirovna Adamyan.
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To the 85th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Konstantinovich Leontiev
Abstract
On January 24, 2024, the largest scientist in the field of dentistry, an outstanding organizer of health care at the state level, laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Konstantinovich Leontiev, turned 85 years old.
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