Vol 70, No 6 (2015)

OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Transamination in syncytiotrophoblast of placenta villi in parturient women who suffered the acute form of cmvi at the third trimester of gestation

Lutsenko M.T., Andrievskaya I.A.

Abstract

Aim: to study the process of proteins transamination in syncytiotrophoblast of placenta villi of women who suffered the acute form of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy.

Methods: 30 pregnant women with CMV infection recurrence at the 25–28th week of pregnancy were examined. The activity of γ-glutamyltransferase in the peripheral blood of pregnant women was determined by spectrophotometry at the device «Stat-Fax-2100» (The USA). Hsp-70 and caspase-3 in placenta homogenate were found out with serological methods. The activity of glutamatdehydrogenase and pyridoxal-5-phosphatase was studied with histochemical method of Z. Loyd at the placenta slice of parturient women. The apoptotic changes in syncytiotrophoblast nuclei were defined by ISEL-method.

Results. The peripheral blood of CMV-seropositive parturient women showed a reduction of γ-glutamyltransferase in 1.30 times. Histochemically we identified the reduction of reaction products' concentration in response to pyridoxal-5-phosphate by 2.14 times, to glutamatdehydrogenase by 1,57 times. At the same time there was an increase of caspase-3 in 2,8 times and reduction of Hsp70 in 2.6 times in placenta homogenate. The number of apoptotic changes in syncytiotrophoblast nuclei increased by 4 times.

Conclusion. Worsening of CMV infection in the period 25–28 weeks of pregnancy leads to disruption of amino acid metabolism in the placenta, causing structural and functional and metabolic adjustment, and is one of the reasons for slow growth and lack of development of the fetus. 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):621-626
pages 621-626 views

BIOCHEMISTRY: CURRENT ISSUES

Diagnostic and Prognostic Possibilities of the Redox-Potential Electrochemical Measurements in Blood Plasma

Sergienko V.I., Khubutiya M.S., Evseev A.K., Pinchuk A.V., Novruzbekov M.S., Lutsyk K.N., Gol'din M.M.

Abstract

Aims: Determination of operating characteristics of the test based on blood plasma redox potential monitoring in patients with different pathological conditions associated with impaired oxygen metabolism during treatment in postoperative period and expanding the range of parameters of the developed method of investigation of blood plasma redox potential.

Methods: It were examined healthy volunteers group as following group (n =63), groups of patients with transplanted liver (n =64), kidney (n =59), and lungs (n =7). Redox potential measurements were done by platinum electrode, reference electrode was silver-chlorine one. Potentiostate IPC-ProL was used to registrate and record a dependence redox potential via time. Time of measurement was 15 min.

Results: statistically significant differencees of redox potentials ranges was found in healthy volunteers and patients with transplanted kidney and liver. Ratio of measured redox potentials coincident with the values within the confidence interval in healthy volunteers was 12% in patients with transplanted kidney and 10% in patients with transplanted liver. We observed significant differences in the nature of changes of blood plasma's redox potential values in course of monitoring of subgroups of patients with and without complications after liver transplantation. It was found that sensitivity of electrochemical method was 85%, selectivity — 69,8%, precision — 85,2%.

Conclusion: we discovered value ranges of blood plasma redox potential typical for different pathological states; we detected an interaction between the effect of treatment and quantitative changes in the values of the blood plasma redox potentials; criterion for early predicition of complications in patients with transplanted liver was proposed basing on redox potential monitoring during postoperative period.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):627-632
pages 627-632 views

IMMUNOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Changes of the Immunophenotypic Spectrum and the Enzymatic Profile of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Infants with Hypertrophy of the Pharyngeal Tonsil

Kurtasova L.M., Shakina N.A., Lubnina T.V., Nikolaeva A.I.

Abstract

Objective: to study immunophenotype and NAD- and NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase of blood lymphocytes activity indicators in children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (HPT).

Methods: 57 children aged 1–3 years with HPT were examined. The focus group included 35 healthy children of the similar age. The number of СD3+-, СD4+-, СD8+-, СD16+/56+-, СD19+-cells in the blood was determined by flow cytometry. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase was studied by the method of A. Savchenko and coauth. (1989).

Results: The changes of immunophenotypic spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in infants with HPT have been revealed. The increase of ribose-5-phosphate and NADN-dependent reactions of macromolecular synthesis, the reduction of malataspartat shunt role in cell energy, the reduction of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction, the compensatory increase in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the high substrate flow of the citric acid cycle and the reduced level of glutathione have been fixed. The correlation analysis has showed increase in the number of correlations between indicators of investigated oxidoreductase activity in blood lymphocytes in children with HPT and the high level of correlation between the metabolic reactions of the mitochondrial compartment.

Conclusion: the change of immunophenotype, enzymatic activity, correlation pattern of connection between intracellular enzymes of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been revealed in children aged 1–3 years with HPT.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):633-639
pages 633-639 views

INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES

Bacterial Translocation from Intestine: Microbiological, Immunological and Pathophysiological Aspects

Podoprigora G.I., Kafarskaya L.I., Baynov N.A., Shkoporov A.N.

Abstract

Bacterial translocation (BT) is both pathology and physiology phenomenon. In healthy newborns it accompanies the process of establishing the autochthonous intestinal microbiota and the host microbiome. In immunodeficiency it can be an aethio-pathogenetic link and a manifestation of infection or septic complications. The host colonization resistance to exogenous microbic colonizers is provided by gastrointestinal microbiota in concert with complex constitutional and adaptive defense mechanisms. BT may be result of barrier dysfunction and self-purification mechanisms involving the host myeloid cell phagocytic system and opsonins. Dynamic cell humoral response to microbial molecular patterns that occurs on the mucous membranes initiates receptor signaling pathways and cascade of reactions. Their vector and results are largely determined by cross-reactivity between microbiome and the host genome. Enterocyte barriers interacting with microbiota play leading role in providing adaptive, homeostatic and stress host reactivity. Microcirculatory ischemic tissue alterations and inflammatory reactions increase the intestinal barrier permeability and BT. These processes a well as mechanisms for apoptotic cells and bacteria clearance are justified to be of prospective research interest. The inflammatory and related diseases caused by alteration and dysfunction of the intestinal barrier are reasonably considered as diseases of single origin. Maternal microbiota affects the formation of the innate immune system and the microbiota of the newborn, including intestinal commensal translocation during lactation. Deeper understanding of intestinal barrier mechanisms needs complex microbiological, immunological, pathophysiological, etc. investigations using adequate biomodels, including gnotobiotic animals.
Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):640-650
pages 640-650 views

Mathematic Model for Prediction of Liver Fibrosis Progression Rate in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Based on Combination of Genomic Markers

Samokhodskaia L.M., Starostina E.E., Yarovaya E.B., Krasnova T.N., Mukhin N.A., Tkachuk V.A., Sadovnichy V.A.

Abstract

Aim of study. To evaluate clinical significance of different combinations of gene polymorphisms IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, HFE, TGF-b, ATR1, NOS3894, CYBA, AGT, MTHFR, FII, FV, FVII, FXIII, ITGA2, ITGB3, FBG, PAI and their prognostic value for prediction of liver fibrosis progression rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Subjects and methods: 118 patients with CHC were divided into «fast» and «slow» (fibrosis rate progression ≥0,13 and <0,13 fibrosis units/yr; n =64 and n =54) fibrosis groups. Gene polymorphisms were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.

Results. A allele (p =0,012) and genotype AA (p =0,024) of AGT G-6T gene, as well as T allele (p =0,013) and MT+TT genotypes (p =0,005) of AGT 235 M/T gene were significantly more common in «fast fibrosers» than in «slow fibrosers». Patients with genotype TT of CYBA 242 C/T had a higher fibrosis progression rate than patients with CC+CT genotype (p =0,02). Our analysis showed a protective effect of TT genotype of ITGA2 807 C/T on fibrosis progression rate (p =0,03). There was a trend (p <0,15) to higher fibrosis progression rate in patients with mutant alleles and genotypes of TGFb +915 G/C, FXIII 103 G/T, PAI -675 5G/4G genes. Other gene polymorphisms were not associated with enhanced liver fibrosis. To build a mathematical model for prediction of liver fibrosis progression rate we performed coding with scores for genotypes and virus genotype. Total score correlated with the fibrosis progression rate (R =0,39, p =0,000).

Conclusion: Determination of genetic profile of the patient and virus genotype allows to predict the course of CHC.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):651-661
pages 651-661 views

CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES

Cellular Composition of Calcified Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

Mukhamadiyarov R.A., Rutkovskaya N.V., Sidorova O.D., Barbarash L.S.

Abstract

With the aim to assess the mechanisms of the structural dysfunctions associated with xenograft tissue calcification, we investigated the cellular composition of the explanted xenoaortic epoxy-treated bioprosthetic heart valves. In the leaflets, we revealed multiple cells with retained internal structure. Most of them located on the leaflet surface, at the areas of collagen destruction, and near calcium deposits. Monocytes were the predominant cell fraction on the leaflet surface whilst immune (macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, plasma cells, neutrophils) and connective tissue (fibroblasts, fibrocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells) cells prevailed at the areas of collagen destruction and near calcium deposits. Calcification of the leaflets was accompanied by cellular infiltration, therefore suggesting that pathological mineralization may be associated with cell-mediated processes.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):662-668
pages 662-668 views

MICROBIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Comparison Study of Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Case of Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Different Severity Levels

Ogorodova L.M., Fedosenko S.V., Popenko A.S., Petrov V.A., Tyakht A.V., Saltykova I.V., Deyev I.A., Kulikov E.S., Kirillova N.A., Govorun V.M., Kostryukova E.S.

Abstract

BackgraundThe result of comparative study of oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition in patients with different severity level of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented in this paper. 

Aims: To compare oropharyngeal microbiota composition in case of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different severity levels. 

Metods138 patients, 50 with BA and 88 with COPD were studied. For each patient was collected anamnesis vitae, swab from the back of the throat and performed physical examination. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis was employed to characterize the microbial communities. 

ResultsAs a result of the study was found a number of differences on various taxonomic levels in microbiota’s composition within group of patients with different severity level of BA and group of patients with different severity level of COPD and between those groups. COPD patients with GOLD 1–2 in comparison with GOLD 3–4 patiens are marked by prevalence of species Brevibacterium aureum, genus Scardovia, Coprococcus, Haemophilus, Moryella, Dialister, Paludibacter and decrease of Prevotella melaninogenica species. BA patients with severe uncontrolled asthma in comparison with patients which have mild persistent asthma are marked by decrease of Prevotella and increase of species Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella nanceiensis, Neisseria cinerea, Aggregatibacter segnis and genus Odoribacter, Alloiococcus, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, Sneathia. Patient’s microbiota in BA group in comparison with COPD group is characterized by the prevalence of Prevotella melaninogenica and genus Selenomonas, Granulicatella и Gemella, and decrease of Prevotella nigrescens, Haemophilus influenza and genus Aggregatibacter, Alloiococcus, Catonella, Mycoplasma, Peptoniphilus и Sediminibacterium. There are no differences between microbiota composition in case of severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD. 

ConclusionLack of differences in oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition between patients with severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD allow us to suggest a similarity of bronchopulmonary system condition in case of diseases' severe stages.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):669-678
pages 669-678 views

The Prevalence of Metallo-β-Lactamases and Efflux-Mediated Mechanisms in Carbapenem Nonsusceptible Nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated in Moscow in 2012–2015

Lazareva A.V., Kryzhanovskaya O.A., Bocharova Y.A., Chebotar' I.V., Mayanskiy N.A.

Abstract

Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major nosocomial opportunistic pathogen, is an important cause of infectious morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients.

Objective. To establish the role of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) and efflux-mediated mechanisms in conferring carbapenem resistance in nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Methods. We analyzed carbapenem nonsusceptible nosocomial P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from pediatric and adult patients at three hospitals in Moscow in 2012–2015. Carbapenem susceptibility was assessed using the E-test. In addition, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem were tested by the broth microdilution method. The presence of MBL was determined using the EDTA-mediated suppression test. Efflux-dependent resistance was measured using an assay based on MIC modification by an ionophore carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP).

Results. A total of 54 carbapenem nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa isolates was examined. The presence of an MBL was detected in 37 (69%) isolates, 29 (54%) isolates had efflux-mediated resistance. In 10 (19%) isolates neither MBL nor efflux activity was found. Five out of 6 isolates (83%) with highly active efflux were MBL-positive. Among isolates with low efflux activity, 74% (17/23) possessed MBL, whereas in isolates with no efflux the rate of MBL-positivity was 60% (15/25).

Conclusion. The prevalence of MBL- and efflux-mediated carbapenem resistance in nosocomial P. aeruginosa is high. Moreover, our results reveal that several resistance mechanisms may combine at the isolate level. These data may contribute to the development of novel strategies in combating carbapenem resistance.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):679-683
pages 679-683 views

ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Degradome Components in Progression of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Kakurina G.V., Kondakova I.V., Choynzonov E.L.

Abstract

The process of tumor progression is closely related to the intracellular, extracellular and intramembranous proteolysis. Many studies indicate that the proteases function as part of an extensive multidirectional network of proteolytic interactions. Disturbance of strictly controlled equilibrium of the proteolytic system is described in a number of diseases, including cancer. The paper presents a review of the available data concerning the contribution of intracellular, extracellular and intramembrane proteolysis to the process of squamous cell head and neck carcinoma. Specific mechanisms of interaction of different proteolytic systems in cancer progression both in general and in squamous cell head and neck carcinoma remain underinvestigated. The versatility of functions and complexity of the relationships between proteolytic systems highlights the importance of studying the participation of all degradome components in tumor progression that may clarify the multi-link complex mechanisms of carcinogenesis of squamous cell head and neck carcinoma and to identify markers of progression and/or a targets for therapeutic intervention.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):684-693
pages 684-693 views

РATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Ligands of RAGE-Proteins: Role in Intercellular Communication and Pathogenesis of Inflammation

Uspenskaya Y.A., Komleva Y.K., Pozhilenkova E.A., Salmin V.V., Lopatina O.L., Fursov A.A., Lavrent'ev P.V., Belova O.A., Salmina A.B.

Abstract

The review contains data on the diversity of endogenous ligands of RAGE receptors (receptor for advanced glycation end products) that play an important role in the signal transduction in (patho) physiological conditions. RAGE takes part in various physiological processes like cell growth and survival, apoptosis and regeneration. They serve as regulators of inflammatory reactions due to their ability to induce secretion of cytokines and chemokines. In addition, they facilitate elimination of apoptotic cells and mediate innate immune response. We discuss mechanisms of soluble RAGE production as well as the role of membrane and soluble forms of the receptor in cell signaling. Several endogenous ligands of RAGE are well-known: advanced glycation end products (AGE), amyloid-beta (Аβ), nuclear high mobility group box 1 proteins (HMGB1), and calcium-binding proteins S100A4, S100A8/A9, S100A12 и S100B. The review is focused on the mechanisms of the ligands production, their secretion from the cells of various origin, interaction with RAGE, and associated intracellular signal transduction pathways. Special attention is paid to the role of RAGE in pathogenesis of inflammation, particularly, in brain injury and neurodegeneration.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):694-703
pages 694-703 views

PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES

Kidney Injury in Newborns with Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Morozov D.A., Morozova O.L., Tsyplakov A.A., Mel'nikova Y.A.

Abstract

The review represents the problems of a damage to the vital organs in newborns with the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS). Particular attention is paid to the key predisposing factors and key links of the renal damage’s pathogenesis in newborns with ACS. This review presents the latest data about the role of the hypoxia at the initiation of damage of the renal parenchyma, the prospects for the use of various molecular markers for early diagnostics of nephropathy. Creation of molecular cell test system for the diagnostics and monitoring of renal damage in newborns with ACS is a promising trend in the treatment and prevention nephropathy in newborns.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):704-709
pages 704-709 views

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Mitochondrial Function in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury

Zakirov R.S., Sorokina E.G., Karaseva O.V., Semenova Z.B., Petrichuk S.V., Roshal' L.M., Pinelis V.G.

Abstract

Backgraund: It is known that mitochondria play an important role in the mechanisms of brain cells damage and death following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between the severity of brain damage following TBI and mitochondrial dysfunction are not well defined. 

Aim: to study activities of NADN- and succinate dehydrogenases, a key enzyme of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in children with TBI of varying severity and different outcomes; to detect ATP content in lymphocytes; the level of NOx and 3-nitrotyrosine in serum and plasma. 

Methods: all parameters were determined in the dynamics of one month following TBI, and in some cases up to the death of patients. The severity of TBI was scored by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the outcome of TBI — Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Based on the clinical examination children with TBI were divided into 3 groups: (1) mild TBI; (2) severe TBI and (3) severe TBI with fatal outcome. 

Results: we found that activity of dehydrogenases is significantly reduced only in patients with the poor neurologic outcome. The greatest decrease in these parameters was observed in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and fatal outcome. A direct correlation was found between the indices of dehydrogenases activity and ATP content in lymphocytes (r =0.97, p =0.005). The levels of NOx metabolites and 3-nitrotyrosine were significantly increased in children with severe TBI. 

Conclusion: obtained results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress contribute to cell death in the brain and thus represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of TBI.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):710-717
pages 710-717 views

PHYSIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Evidences of Existence of Serotoninergic Nerves, Enhancing Duodenal Motility

Smirnov V.M., Sveshnikov D.S., Myasnikov I.L., Kuznecova T.E., Samko J.N.

Abstract

The review is devoted to the mechanism of duodenal motility activation caused by sympathetic nerves. The authors have found that stimulation of the sympathetic trunk in the thoracic cavity in dogs in most cases provide not inhibitory but excitatory motor responses of the duodenum. Excitatory effects were eliminated during 5HT-receptors blockade by promedol and lysergol. Analysis of publications showed that sympathetic trunk contains serotoninergic fibers, providing excitatory motor responses of the duodenum to electrical nerve stimulation. According to histochemical and physiological studies, amount of serotonergic fibers in the sympathetic trunk is several times more than the adrenergic. This means that the body has sertoninergic nerves. Serotoninergic nerve as well as the sympathetic is a collective notion. There are: sympathetic trunks, their ramifications and branches that innervate the internal organs. Since promedol blocks serotonergic nerves, this is plausible cause of constipation in patients after surgical treatment along with the application of this drug.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):718-726
pages 718-726 views

ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

Neuropeptides, Cytokines and Thymus Peptides as Effectors of Interactions Between Thymus and Neuroendocrine System

Torkhovskaya T.I., Belova O.V., Zimina I.V., Kryuchkova A.V., Moskvina S.N., Bystrova O.V., Arion V.Y., Sergienko V.I.

Abstract

The review presents data on mutual influence of nervous system and thymus, realized through the neuroendocrine-immune interactions. The presence of adrenergic and peptidergic nerves in thymus creates conditions for implementation of the effect of neuropeptides secreted by them. These neuropeptides induce activation of thymus cells receptors and influence on the main processes in thymus, including T-lymphocyte maturation, cytokine and hormones production. In turn, thymus peptides and/or cytokines, controlled by them, enter the brain and exert influence on neuronal function, which creates the basis for changes of behavior and homeostasis maintenance in response to infection. Ageing and some infectious, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and cancer diseases are accompanied by distortion of interactions between thymus and central nervous system. Mechanisms of signaling pathways, which determine these interactions, are not revealed yet, and their understanding will promote the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):727-733
pages 727-733 views

HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT

Evaluation of Rational Use of Antibacterial Drugs

Gaynullina Y.I.

Abstract

Backgraund. WHO considers the problem of antimicrobial resistance to be the serious threat to humanity. One approach to solve it is to restrict the use of antimicrobials. This approach implies the implementation of educational programs. Such programmes take much time and money. However, the effectiveness of educational programs is not clear. 

Aims: determine the effectiveness of educational activities in the field of rationalization of the use of antibacterial drugs. 

Materials and methods. Two-stage multicenter research on the practice of antibacterial drugs application and the effectiveness of educational programs designed to rationalize antibiotic therapy in Primorsky Territory. 

Results. It was found that programs aimed only at the training of doctors are ineffective. The frequency of unjustified use of antimicrobials remains high — 72.7% (2002−2003) and 70.4% (2011−2012). 

Conclusion. To improve the rationality of medical prescriptions (antibacterial drugs) it is necessary to combine educational programs with management measures.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):734-740
pages 734-740 views

The Destruction of Pharmaceutical Products as an Element of the Efficiency of State Control (Supervision) Over the Circulation of Medicines

Bidarova F.N.

Abstract

Background: The modern system of state quality control over medicine makes it possible to reveal and withdraw drugs, that do not meet the requirements. However the problem of the turnover of substandard and fake drug and their destruction in the Russian Federation is still urgent. 

The aim of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of state quality control over medicine and the practice of fake medicine destruction. 

Methods: data of the official websites of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania, Russian Sanitary Inspection, National Center of Quality control and Certification of Drugs were included in the investigation. Method of unrepeated samples was used in sociological investigations. 225 questionnaires have been worked out. The research was carried out in the North-Ossetian State Medical academy during the period from 2013 to 2015 with the help of the National Center of Quality Control and Certification of Drugs. 

Results: The shortcomings of the state quality control over the rules of fake drug destruction were studied. It was found out that the mechanism of permanent data collection monitoring of revealing, moving and destruction of substandard and fake drug destruction has not been determined. The ineffectiveness of controlling measures under the condition of critical legal base deficiency has been confirmed. The analysis of terminology characterizing the order of fake drug destruction was carried out. 

Conclusion: deficiencies related to the implementation of the state quality control over the fake drug destruction rules revealed during the course of investigations prove the necessity of adopting measures in creating new model of control functions, increasing the results of activity.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):741-747
pages 741-747 views

About Minimization of Expenses on Allergy Diagnosis in Children: Analysis of Consistency of in Vitro- and in Vivo-Allergic Examinations Results

Snovskaya M.A., Batyrova A.S., Namazova-Baranova L.S., Alekseeva A.A., Vishneva E.A., Kozhevnikova O.V., Marushina A.A., Lubov V.N.

Abstract

High morbidity rate of atopic diseases among children, including high importance of grass pollen as a sensitizing agent, determine the relevance of studies on diagnostic examination systems for appointment of adequate therapy. The research of the most relevant allergens for patients to exclude of duplicating and uninformative tests became urgent after development of a new type of diagnostic tests that does not require expensive equipment. 

The objective of this research was to evaluate the results of in vitro- and in vivo-diagnostic examinations of children with various forms of atopic disease caused by pollen of meadow grasses, and to choose the most significant prognostic parameters for the diagnosis. 

Methods: 277 children aged 4–16 years with various forms of atopic disease were included in the study. There were performed skin prick tests and determination of IgE-antibodies levels to allergen extracts of cocksfoot (g3), meadow fescue (g4), timothy grass (g6). 

Results: In the studied group of patients 32–50% of children have antibodies to grass allergens. There was a close correlation of antibody response on the investigated allergens, quantitative coincidence of IgE-antibodies to g3 and g4 allergens levels. IgE (g6) concentration was close to the IgE(g3) and IgE(g4) levels (85,0±21,6%). Analysis of the skin tests results showed that 44% of patients have a positive response to grass allergens, and in vivo-tests results coincide with serological tests results, mostly in a qualitative sense. The most significant relationship was noted between in vivo and in vitro-tests in the results of testing the response to meadow fescue pollen.

Conclusion: Based on these data IgE concentration index to meadow fescue allergens can be used as a prognostic marker to determine the sensitization of patients with different nosology forms of allergy and can help to improve allergic diagnostics.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2015;70(6):748-755
pages 748-755 views

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