Vol 67, No 12 (2012)

EDITORIAL

PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PROSPECTS

Dedov I.I., Tyul'pakov A.I., Chekhonin V.P., Baklaushev V.P., Archakov A.I., Moshkovskii S.A.

Abstract

A review describes general trends and directions of personalized medicine. These include, but not limited to, prediction of disease based on genomic data, diagnostics and therapy monitoring using genomic and postgenomic technologies as well as therapeutic drug monitoring and regenerative cell technologies. The personalized medicine is considered in terms of results of the Human Genome Project and succeeding Human Proteome Project. An importance of personalized approach for modern medicine is emphasized.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):4-12
pages 4-12 views

IMMUNOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF AMISULPRIDE

Vetlugina T.P., Lobacheva O.A., Al'perina E.L., Zhukova E.N., Semke A.V., Nikitina V.B., Cheido M.A., Idova G.V.

Abstract

Study of immunomodulatory effect of atypical antipsychotic amisulpride has revealed a positive clinical effect after 6-week therapy of schizophrenic patients regarding both positive and negative symptoms. A decrease in activity of humoral immunity factors (В lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, HLA-DR+-cells) identified among schizophrenic patients in the process of amisulpride therapy can be attributed to a positive effect optimizing the ratio Th1/Th2. Amisulpride when used under experimental conditions produced a suppression of IgM-immune response in mice of the C57BL/6J strain. This effect was more expressed in animals with aggressive behavior pattern.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):13-17
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INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ANESTHESIA IN ONCOSURGICAL PRACTICE ON IMMUNE PARAMETERS

Tanatarov S.Z., Neunmark M.I., Zhakupov R.K.

Abstract

The aim of investigation is to reveal dependence of indicators of a phagocytes-macrophageal link and cytokine regulation at the operated patients with malignant new growths from a way of anesthesia. 274 patients with a gastroenteric cancer which was exposed to radical operative interventions with use of various ways of anesthesia (total intravenous, inhalation and intravenous-epidural) are surveyed. Existence of dependence of indicators of a phagocytes link of immunity and cytokine regulation from a way of surgical anesthesia at oncological patients is revealed. Most the imbalance of the studied phagocytes and cytokine mechanisms was shown at total intravenous, in the smallest – at combined intravenous epidural anesthesia that serves one of factors for the recommendation of its priority use in oncosurgical practice.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):18-21
pages 18-21 views

MECHANISMS OF ANTIBIOFILM IMMUNITY

Chebotar' I.V.

Abstract

The formation of microbial biomembranes complicates clinical course of infectious diseases. The review deals with the problem of interaction between immune system and specific components of microbial biofilms. The immune mechanisms which may destroy biomembranes and damage biomembrane-associated microorganisms are analyzed. The vulnerable spots of immune defense against microbal biomembranes are described. This review also issues future prospects of immune-based control of microbal biomembrane processes.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):22-29
pages 22-29 views

PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES

EXPERIENCE OF PALIVIZUMAB IN PROPHYLAXIS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRAL INFECTION IN PREMATURE CHILDREN WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

Alyamovskaya G.A., Keshishyan E.S.

Abstract

The data on prophylaxis efficacy of the Palivizumab (synagis) against respiratory syncytial viral infection in premature children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are shown in the article. No side-effects, good tolerance and decrease of the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia relapses and other viral diseases in whole in such children were registered.



Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):30-34
pages 30-34 views

THE MAIN MECHANISMS OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Baranov A.A., Kuchma V.R., Skoblina N.A., Milushkina O.Y., Bokareva N.A.

Abstract

In modern social economic and ecologo-hygienic conditions of big cities all age groups of children and adolescents aged 8–15 years present a significant decrease of functional indicators (muscle force of the right hand) in comparison with their peers of 60s and 80s of the XX century. The similar findings occur in other regions and age groups. The analysis of the reasons of this phenomenon is one of key problems for researches.



Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):35-40
pages 35-40 views

PHARMACEUTICALS: CURRENT ISSUES

REGULATORY SCIENCE: MODERN TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

Beregovykh V.V., Pyatigorskaya N.V., Aladysheva Z.I.

Abstract

This article reviews modern trends in development of new instruments, standards and approaches to drugs safety, efficacy and quality assessment in USA and EU that can be called by unique term — «regulatory science» which is a new concept for Russian Federation. New education programs (curricula) developed by USA and EU universities within last 3 years are reviewed. These programs were designed in order to build workforce capable to utilize science approach for drug regulation. The principal mechanisms for financing research in regulatory science used by Food and Drug Administration are analyzed. There are no such science and relevant researches in Russian Federation despite the high demand as well as needs for the system for higher education and life-long learning education of specialists for regulatory affairs (or compliance).

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):41-46
pages 41-46 views

SHORT MESSAGES

THE ISSUES OF WORKERS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROTECTION FROM HARMFUL OCCUPATIONAL END ENVIROMENRAL EXPOSURES

Izmerov N.F., Sivochalova O.V., Fesenko M.A., Denisov E.I., Golovaneva G.V.

Abstract

The problem of workers reproductive health protection from harmful occupational and environmental exposures is amongst the national priorities due to demographic situation in Russia and decrease of the manpower. Some issues of women's reproductive health disorders are considered from occupational health standpoint. The demographic and epidemiological data on pregnancy course and outcome, birth defects, children’s morbidity etc. are presented and discussed. Some proposal as to risk management and medical surveillance of reproductive health, including legal instruments are put forward.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):47-53
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RISKS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS OF WESTERN SIBERIA: COMPARISON WITH NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE DATA

Maximov S.A., Skripchenko A.E., Artamonova G.V.

Abstract

Risk analysis of development of arterial hypertension in 14 occupational groups of Western Siberia (4472 workers) is carried out. As a reference group the all-Russian data on prevalence of arterial hypertension by results of the second stage of monitoring of an epidemiological situation on arterial hypertension in the Russian Federation (2005–2007) were used. Paid off the odds ratio and 95% a confidential interval. The obtained data allowed to characterize occupational distinctions of risk of development of arterial hypertension and to allocate occupational groups of Western Siberia with high level of arterial hypertension. Results of research testifies to need of consideration of healthy worker effect as the factor of formation of frequency of arterial hypertension connected with a profession in occupational groups.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):54-59
pages 54-59 views

CLINICAL AND GENETIC SPECIAL FEATURES OF NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE, TYPE C

Zakharova E.Y., Mikhailova S.V., Proshlyakova T.Y., Rudenskaya G.E.

Abstract

Niemann-Pick disease, type C is a rare hereditary disorder of the group of lisosomal storage diseases, caused by mutations in the genes NPC1 or NPC2. Depending on the onset age, several clinical forms of this disease, which differs by manifestation age, main clinical signs and clinical course, are distinguished. Niemann-Pick disease type C can imitate other hereditary and acquired diseases, which complicates its early diagnostics. Clinical and genetic diversity of this disorder, considered on the clinical cases diagnosed at the FSI «RCMG» of RAMS, are discussed in this review.



Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):60-65
pages 60-65 views

HISTORY OF MEDICINE

LIFE AND WORKS OF ACADEMICIAN L.A. ORBELI (IN HONOR OF 130TH YEAR ANNIVERSARY)

Astavatsaturov A.E.

Abstract

This work is dedicated to academician L.A.Orbeli, collaborator of legendary Ivan Pavlov, his talented entourage. It provides background information about Orbeli family and the destiny of the three Orbeli brothers, leading scientists who have made significant contributions to science and practice. It reminds us about dramatic events which made great harm to research work of our biologists, medical workers and their use of genetics in their country. One can also find some facts of adherence to principles and dedication to science which are useful for young scientists who are facing salvation of anti-crisis problems of global scale.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(12):66-71
pages 66-71 views

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