CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY OF THE BRAIN INDUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT

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Abstract

The review contains current data on structural and functional brain plasticity mechanisms under the enriched environment. Enriched environment contains social and non-social stimuli acting on different aspects of the development and functioning of the brain.  Special attention is devoted to the modeling of enriched environment in the experiment. Enriched environment implies the action of social stimuli, new objects, therefore the enriched environment in animals can be considered as an adequate model to study changes in brain structure and function in people during learning or acquiring complex skills. The review describes the theory of  enriched environment’s influence on neurogenesis, the neuron-glia relationships, and the impact of enriched environment on damaged brain as well as  the possibilities of using the paradigm of enriched environment for neurorehabilitation. Molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission, which has a correlation with the performance of cognitive functions, are the possible target for the action of environmental factors at the brain under (patho)physiological conditions. The considerable progress has been done in understanding the mechanisms that mediate the effects of  enriched environment on the brain, but still there are many non-resolved questions in the neurochemistry and neurobiology of this phenomenon. Overall, the experience-induced neuroplasticity is a unique mechanism for the development and recovery of brain functions. It opens new perspectives in neuropharmacology and neurorehabilitation.

About the authors

Yu. K. Komleva

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: yuliakomleva@mail.ru
PhD student, Department of Biochemistry, with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 228-07-69 Russian Federation

A. B. Salmina

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Email: allasalmina@mail.ru
PhD, Professor, Head of Department of Biochemistry, with Courses of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Vice Rector for Innovative Development and International Activities, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 2280769 Russian Federation

S. V. Prokopenko

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Email: s.v.proc.58@mail.ru
PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Nervous Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 274-31-74 Russian Federation

L. A. Shestakova

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Email: Patholog-lan@yandex.ru
PhD, Assistant Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy named after prof. P.G. Podzolkova, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 220-14-25 Russian Federation

M. M. Petrova

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Email: stk99@yandex.ru
PhD, Professor, Head of the Polyclinic Therapy Department, Provost for Research, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 220-06-28 Russian Federation

N. A. Malinovskaya

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Email: reg.kgmu@gmail.com
PhD, Research Worker, Scientific Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of the Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 228-07-69 Russian Federation

O. L. Lopatina

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Russian Federation

Email: ol.lopatina@gmail.com
PhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry with Courses of the Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Address: 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka St., 1; tel.: (391) 228-07-69 Russian Federation

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