Vol 67, No 2 (2012)

CARDIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

CARDIONEUROLOGY: THE UP-TO-DATE KEY POSITIONS AND THE FUTURE PROSPECTS

Suslina Z.A., Fonyakin A.V., Geraskina L.A.

Abstract

The up-to-date key positions and the future prospects of cardioneurology were analyzed. The wide range of questions of cardioneurology was represented and the necessity of the interdisciplinary approach to the diagnostics, treating and prevention of the cerebrovascular diseases were proved. It was pointed that the studied problems are the priority directions in angioneurology and have great social and clinical importance.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):4-10
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THE ASSESSMENT OF REACTIONS OF POLYGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AT HRV-BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF CARDIAC AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TONE

Demin D.B.

Abstract

There is examine a character of change of brain bioelectric activity and polygraphic indicators at sessions of biofeedback by heart rhythm variability parameters (HRV-biofeedback) in 15–17 years adolescents who have different variants of cardiac autonomic nervous system tone. It is taped, that adolescents with cardiac balanced tone have more intensive optimization of functional brain activity in comparison with adolescents who have cardiac sympathetic tone — increase on alpha-activity and theta-activity depression in electroencephalogram structure. There were optimization of neurodynamic processes and most expressed stabilization of the hemodynamics indicators in adolescents with cardiac sympathetic tone after HRVbiofeedback training.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):11-15
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ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

ESTROGEN RECEPTORS Β — NEW TARGET IN CELLULAR LUNG CANCER TREATMENT

Davydov M.I., Bogush T.A., Polotskii B.E., Tyulyandin S.A.

Abstract

Literature review upon various types of estrogen receptors expression (type ? and ?) in the cells of cellular lung cancer, their participation in estrogen and antiestrogen effects implementation, influence of estrogens and antiestrogens on occurrence and progression of malignant lung tumors in animals and humans. Were analyzed reasons of data ambiguity on type ? estrogen receptors (ER?) expression frequency. The results of authors own research in quantitative assessment of ER? expression in tumor tissue of patients with cellular lung cancer (79 male and 22 female patients are presented in this article. An increase in expression rate and incidence of tumors with high ER? level has been shown in patients with lung adenocarcinoma regardless of smoking status or gender. A new strategy of antiestrogen use, especially tamoxifen, has been formulated for cellular lung cancer treatment. Authors believe in a positive effect of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen in patients with ER?-positive cellular lung cancer used independently or during and after the chemotherapy, by analogy with breast cancer patients.


Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):16-22
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VEGF IN NEOPLASTIC ANGIOGENESIS

Chekhonin V.P., Shein S.A., Korchagina A.A., Gurina O.I.

Abstract

Solid tumor progression largely depends on vascularization and angiogenesis in the malignant tissue. The most prominent among all proangiogenic factors is vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF). VEGF suppression leads to retrogression of neoplastic vessels and tumor growth restriction. Clinical trials of complex antiangiogenic and chemical therapy of different neoplastic tumors have shown promising results. Nowadays bevacizumab is widely used in breast cancer, colorectal cancer and II-IV stage of malignancy gliomas treatment. Unfortunately, in the majority of cases antiangiogenic treatment led not to full recovery, but only to tumor development restriction. Resistance mechanisms include potentiating of alternative proangiogenic signaling pathways and activation of malignant cell invasive population.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):23-34
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COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN K-RAS GENE IN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER

Amosenko F.A., Karpov I.V., Polyakov A.V., Kovalenko S.P., Shamanin V.A., Lyubchenko L.N.

Abstract

Two approaches to somatic point mutations in 12 and 13 codones of K-ras gene were analyzed: PCR/SSCP/AСRS/sequencing and allele-specific PCR in the real-life regimen (Russian set «KRAS-7M»). The comparison was carried out on 62 examples of genomic DNA extracted from frozen colon carcinomas, which underwent manual dissection. The results obtained in two attempts were consistent in 95,2% (N=59). Specificity and sensitivity of K-ras mutations detection using «KRAS-7M» set were 100 and 96,4% respectively, and 94,1 and 100% respectievly using PCR/SSCP/AСRS/ automatic sequencing. False positive results were absent when detecting with «KRAS-7M» and accounted for 2 cases (5,9%) when using PCR/SSCP/ AСRS/automatic sequencing. The only false negative response (3,6%) was obtained analyzing mutations using «KRAS-7M».

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):35-41
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ONCOLYTIC PARVOVIRUSES. A NEW APPROACHES FOR CANCER THERAPY

Loktev V.B., Ivan'kina T.Y., Netesov S.V., Chumakov P.M.

Abstract

Parvoviruses such as parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) may selectively infect and lysis cancer cells. The parvoviruses also induce an immune system to eliminate the tumor cells through the formation of anti-cancer immunity. One of the possible mechanisms of antitumor activity is associated with the direct induction of apoptosis by parvoviral proteins NS1 and 11 kDa. Parvovirus-based vectors are promising for gene therapy of oncological diseases and genetic disorders in humans. Parvoviruses were successfully used for the experimental treatment on animal models of human glioma, neuroblastomas, lymphomas, pancreatic carcinoma, carcinomas and breast tumors. ParvOryx is the first oncolytic preparation constructed on the base of H-1PV; its phase I/IIa clinical trials in patients with glioblastoma multiforme are in process.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):42-47
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ENDOCRINOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

ESTROGENS AND BRAIN

Kareva E.N., Oleynikova О.M., Panov V.O., Shimanovskiy N.L., Skvortsova V.I.

Abstract

Recent data upon molecular mechanisms of pleiotropic action of estrogens in human brain is presented in the article. Given detailed descriptions of properties of classical and membrane bound estradiol receptors, that maintain gene expression regulation, modulation of neurotransmittent systems and signal cascade activation in neuronal cells. Data upon regional distribution of estradiol receptor subtypes in the brain, their participation in main cell population function control (including progenitor cells) is given. Special attention is paid to estrogen participation in neurogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis regulation in central nervous system; in the control of formation and functioning of cerebral vessels.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):48-59
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CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME IN DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY GOUT

Kushnarenko N.N., Govorin A.V., Shcherbakova O.A., Sotnikova S.G., Ivanitskaya O.V.

Abstract

Endothelial function has been studied in 175 males with primary gout. It has been established that incidence of endothelial dysfunction in patients with primary gout was associated with the clinical course and was marked most of all in patients who had a chronic gout. The correlations found between the parameters of endothelial dysfunction and impaired carbohydrate metabolism suggest close link and coordination between the above processes which contribute greatly to development and progress of atherosclerosis in such patients.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):60-63
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

OUTBREAK OF ACUTE ENTEROVIRUS INTESTINAL INFECTION IN SAKHALIN REGION IN AUGUST 2010

Demina A.V., Ternovoi V.A., Darizhapov B.B., Yakubich T.V., Sementsova S.A., Demina O.K., Protopopova E.V., Loktev V.B., Agafonov A.P., Netesov S.V.

Abstract

The investigation of cases of acute intestinal infections in the Sakhalin region of Russia in August, 2010 is described. Epidemiological and molecular biological studies were conducted. After initial PCR screening and determining the nucleotide sequences of the positive samples the following enteroviruses were found: Coxsackie A2 — 42 samples (45%), Coxsackie A4 — 31 sample (34%), Enterovirus 71 — 6 samples (6,5%), Coxsackievirus B5 — 6 samples (6,5%), Coxsackie B3 — 4 samples (4%) and Coxsackie B1 — 4 samples (4%). The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed that the closest analogues for the nucleotide sequences of these genotypes were previously identified in Japan, Korea and China in 2000–2010.

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):64-68
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PROTEOMIC PROFILE AND NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN FREQUENTLY SICK CHILDREN

Sarvilina I.V., Romantsov M.G.

Abstract

We have investigated efficacy of meglumine acridonacetate (Cycloferon) in frequently sick children (FSC) on the basis of serum proteomic profile dynamics; we have also studied epidemiologic efficacy of interferon inductor as a mean of non-specific immunoprophylaxis. FSC were subjects to follow up during 4–10 years. We have used recommended regimens of drug administration. Were analyzed: anamneses of FSC, clinical symptoms, infectious index calculation, stratification of children into 5 groups of FSC and separation of children with truly frequent recurrent respiratory viral diseases. On the basis of proteomic blood analyzes the following parameters of efficacy of treatment with meglumine acridonacetate were defined: expression intensity of Rho- and Ras-signaling pathways proteins. Epidemiologic efficacy of the drug was 2,9 (from 2,4 to 3,4), rate of protection — 62,8% (58,5–67,1%).

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(2):69-74
pages 69-74 views

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