Vol 67, No 7 (2012)

OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

THE INVESTIGATION OF PREVALENCE OF GENITAL INFLAMMATION IN WOMEN OF SECOND GENERATION OF DESCENDANTS WHOSE ANCESTORS WERE IN THE AREA OF RADIATION EXPOSURE

Dudareva Y.A., Gur'eva V.A., Shoikhet Y.N.

Abstract

There are the results of a comprehensive clinical examination of 112 women of childbearing age who are second generation descendants of those who were in the area of radiation exposure over 25 ED cSv. Incidence and factors leading to chronic inflammation of pelvic organs were studied. Immune status was evaluated by studying of subpopulation of immune cells in peripheral blood and levels of basic inflammatory cytokines. High incidence of the pelvic organs inflammatory diseases in women second-generation offspring due to disturbances in the complex chain of immunocompetent system was defined.
Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):4-7
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CARDIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM RESULTS

Khairutdinov E.R., Shugushev Z.K., Maksimkin D.A., Faibushevich A.G., Veretnik G.I., Arablinskii A.V., Tarichko Y.V.

Abstract

Immediate and long-term results of endovascular treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease by using different revascularization strategies were analyzed in 171 patients. Duration of follow up ranged from 12 to 18 months. Complete myocardium revascularization was performed in 63 patients, culprit vessel revascularization ― in 86 pts and incomplete revascularization ― in 22 pts. Results of this study showed that strategy of complete and culprit vessel revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease has comparable immediate and long-term results. Strategy of incomplete revascularization reduce immediate clinical success and lead to increased number of myocardial infarctions and needs of coronary artery bypass surgery in long-term follow-up period. 

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):8-14
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FACTORS OF INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS IN CARDIOSURGICAL PATIENTS AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS PROCEDURES

Chumakova S.P., Urazova O.I., Novitskii V.V., Shipulin V.M., Mal'tseva I.V., Khokhlov O.A., Emel'yanova T.V., Yurlova O.V.

Abstract

The study included patients with ischemic heart disease with moderate (52 patients) and apparent (23 patients) hemolysis after coronary bypass surgery in cardiopulmonary bypass (CB). The concentration of free hemoglobin in blood plasma, mechanical resistance and sorption capacity of red cells as well as the content of TBA-active products, cholesterol and phospholipids in red cells and reticulocytes levels in blood were studied before and after operation. It was shown that among patients with apparent post-perfusion hemolysis (in contrast to the patients with a moderate hemolysis) the sorption capacity of red cells and amount of reticulocytes in blood are increased before operation; level of TBA-active products in erythrocytes is increasing after operation. Development of moderate hemolysis is associated with the decreased mechanical resistance of erythrocytes and increased cholesterol/phospholipid-ratio in membranes before operation. Thus, individually-specified apparent post-perfusion hemolysis is based on free-radical mechanism of erythrocytes damage and moderate hemoglobin level is referred to mechanical trauma of blood cells during CB.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):15-19
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NEUROLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBRAL TOLERANCE TO ISCHEMIA (REVIEW. PART 2)

Shlyakhto E.V., Barantsevich E.R., Shcherbak N.S., Galagudza M.M.

Abstract

In the 2nd part the authors describe in details the main aspects of protective effect of preconditioning of the brain: inhibition of programmed cell death, weakening of phenomenon of excitotoxicity, activation of endogenous antioxidant systems, anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of glial cell function, changes in regional blood flow and vascular reactivity. In addition, data analysis on the impact of preconditioning on brain neurogenesis, the state of the blood-brain barrier, ion homeostasis and metabolism of neurons is presented. Review emphasizes the role of microRNAs in mechanisms of ischemic tolerance of brain. Profound understanding of molecular mechanisms of increased tolerance of brain to ischemic and reperfusion injury requires the implementation of this phenomenon in clinical practice.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):20-29
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES

PRENOSOLOGICAL NEURO-PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Zorina I.G.

Abstract

Environmental factor is one of the most accurate indicators of determining the health of the population, especially in childhood and adolescence. A significant increase in the amount of data on the status of school health and the environment are the most precise and correct, in view of causation, to evaluate an individual's health at prenosological level in the presence of a specialized database of automated systems. The aim of our study ― the study of fundamental interactions and patterns of environmental factors in general and neuropsychiatric disease in schoolchildren of the city of Chelyabinsk. Revealed that among the multi-pollutant air Chelyabinsk first and second rank positions are occupied by selectively harmful to the central nervous system (lead, arsenic, manganese), or have complex adverse effects on the central nervous system, combined with damaging effects on the respiratory and cardio- vascular, urogenital system and blood forming organs, involving the immune mechanism (chromium compounds, lead, arsenic, carbon monoxide and manganese).

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):30-34
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THE ETHIOLOGY STRUCTURE OF COMMUNITY-ACQURIED PNEUMONIA OF YOUNG ADULTS IN CLOSED COMMUNITIES

Nosach E.S., Skryl' S.V., Kulakova N.V., Martynova A.V.

Abstract

Despite of success in ethiology evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and instant improvement of diagnostic methods microbiological spectrum of CAP is still remaining underestimated and is still the problem for the routine clinical practice. In our study we estimated the role of fastidious bacteria which cause atypical CAP such as Chlamydophilla pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila. Furthermore we also defined the role of viral pathogens in ethiology of CAP.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):35-38
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SHORT MESSAGES

POLYMORPHISM OF GENES OF THE SYSTEM OF BIOTRANSFORMATION OF XENOBIOTICS IN PATIENTS WITH OCCUPATIONAL ALLERGIC DERMATOSES

Izmerov N.F., Kuz'mina L.P., Kolyaskina M.M., Bezrukavnikova L.M., Lazarashvili N.A., Petinati Y.A.

Abstract

Evaluation of genes polymorphic system of xenobiotics biotransformation in patients with оccupational allergodermatoses showed significantly higher percentage of incidence of polymorphic variants of genes CYP 1A1 *2C and EPHX1 AND-415G compared with population control. A combination of 3 or more adverse hetero - and homozygous gene alleles CYP 1A1, CYP3A4, ЕРНХ1 and deletions of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1, is characterized by earlier (with the experience of work in harmful conditions up to 5 years) development, severe and unfavorable prognosis of оccupational pathology of the skin.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):39-43
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THE RELATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND A DISPERSIVE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM MAPPING INDICATORS IN HUMAN DURING FIXED RATE BREATHING TEST

Poskotinova L.V., Zenchenko T.A., Medvedeva A.A., Ovsyankina M.A.

Abstract

Association of heart rate variability and dispersive electrocardiogram mapping indicators in women during fixed rate breathing test by the period of 10 s are observed. Disturbance of depolarization processes in auricles that show an increase in dispersive group G1 is associated with expressed vagal reserves deficiency. Intensity of control centralization level by heart rhythm and humoral-metabolic influences both in a background and at active breathing can cause intensifying of high-speed microamplitude characteristics of initial front of ventricles depolarization that reflect an increase of dispersive group G9.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):44-49
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ENDOTHELIAL PROTECTION DRUGS ― A NEW CLASS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS

Tyurenkov I.N., Voronkov A.V., Slietsans A.A., Volotova E.V.

Abstract

This review considers issues dealing with the role of nitric oxide and endothelial function/dysfunction in providing a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes and various body systems functioning. It also covers in details the possible ways of pharmacological management of endothelial dysfunction (ED) using drugs of different pharmacological groups (classes). Diverse pharmacological effects which have various degree of intensity and presented at various stages of ED pathogenesis are discussed. The value and urgency of search and development of agents with endothelial protection potential are studied in available experimental and clinical works on the considerable role of endothelial system in cardiovascular diseases and lack of specific means for prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Integrated morphological-functional approach to assessment of ED and endothelial protection of substances was developed and implemented in experimental practice in Cardiovascular Agents Laboratory of the Volgograd State Medical University Research Institute of Pharmacology. Various ED models were tested and most valid ones were selected. Еndothelial protection of new compounds such as Salifen and Flavicin are considered and compared with cardiovascular drugs, antioxidants with metabolic effects, GABA derivatives. These drugs are assumed to belong to a new class of drugs – endothelial protection drugs.

 

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences. 2012;67(7):50-57
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