Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC88810.15690/vramn888INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙCRYPTOSPORIDIA AND MACROORGANISM: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSISКРИПТОСПОРИДИИ И МАКРООРГАНИЗМ: ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ КРИПТОСПОРИДИОЗАhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8899-0795StarikovaE. G.СтариковаЕлена Григорьевна
Russian Federation

Starikova Elena Grigorievna - PhD, MD.

Tomsk

Доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры биологии и генетики.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, д. 2, тел.: +7 (3811) 90-11-01 доб. 16-93, SPIN-код: 2669-7130

elena.g.starikova@gmail.comVoronkovaO. V.ВоронковаОльга Владимировна
Russian Federation

Voronkova Olga Vladimirovna - PhD, Professor.

Tomsk

Доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры биологии и генетики.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, д. 2, тел.: +7 (3811) 90-11-01 доб. 19-45, SPIN-код: 8005-8110

voronkova-ov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-9792KovshirinaYu. V.КовширинаЮлия Викторовна
Russian Federation

Kovshirina Yulia Vikotorovna - PhD, MD.

Tomsk

Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, д. 2, тел.: +7 (3811) 90-11-01 доб. 16-80, SPIN-код: 2821-7165

yulia.v.kovshirina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-3370ShubinaN. I.ШубинаНаталья Ивановна

Shubina Nataya Ivanovna - MD.

Tomsk

Врач-инфекционист.

634041, Томск, ул. Бела Куна, д. 3, тел.: +7 (3822) 90-73-62, SPIN-код: 7476-6479

natalya.i.shubina@gmail.comSiberian state medical universityСибирский государственный медицинский университетHealth care unit № 2Медико-санитарная часть № 2231220177264204270210201722112017Copyright ©; 2017, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2017, Издательство "Педиатръ"2017"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/888

Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by unicellular parasites belonging to the Cryptosporidium genus. The small intestine is the primary site of localization of infection which predicts the main clinical symptom of the disease — diarrhea. The most important factors influencing Cryptosporidium infection and the course of disease are molecular genetic variability of the parasite, its virulence and infectivity, and viability of the mucosa of the digestive tract and local and systemic immunity of the macroorganism. The immune status of the host plays a key role in determining sensitivity to infection and the severity of the disease. Cryptosporidium infection differs in outcomes: asymptomatic in some patients, acute enteritis accompanied by profuse diarrhea, lesions of internal organs, and fatal outcome in others. Current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis are ineffective. Despite the existence of a large number of drugs with antiparasitic effect, there are no medications with a specific effect on cryptosporidia. Understanding the factors that determine both the pathogenicity of Cryptosporidia and the protective properties of host defense systems will allow developing effective prevention measures and therapeutic interventions of this protozoosis.

Криптоспоридиоз ― протозойное заболевание, вызываемое простейшими паразитами, принадлежащими к роду Cryptosporidium. Первичным местом локализации инфекции является тонкий кишечник, что обусловливает основной клинический симптом заболевания ― диарею. Важнейшими факторами, влияющими на инфицирование криптоспоридиями и течение заболевания, являются молекулярно-генетическая вариабельность паразита, его контагиозность и вирулентность, а также состоятельность слизистой оболочки пищеварительного тракта, локального и системного иммунитета макроорганизма. Иммунный статус хозяина играет ключевую роль в определении чувствительности к инфекции, а также тяжести течения заболевания. Инфицирование криптоспоридиями различается в исходах: от асимптоматического у одних пациентов до острого энтерита, сопровождающегося профузной диареей, поражением внутренних органов и летальным исходом, ― у других. Современные терапевтические подходы к лечению криптоспоридиоза, как правило, малоэффективны. Среди большого количества препаратов с антипаразитарным эффектом лекарственные средства со специфическим действием в отношении криптоспоридий в настоящее время отсутствуют. Понимание факторов, определяющих, с одной стороны, патогенность криптоспоридий, а с другой ― протективные свойства организма-хозяина, позволит разработать эффективные методы профилактики и подходы к медикаментозной терапии данного протозооза.

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