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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn8342</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИ И СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ ХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Genesis of Myocarditis and Pericarditis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аутоиммуный и аутовоспалительный генез миокардитов и перикардитов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-742X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8874-1824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myachikova</surname><given-names>Valentina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мячикова</surname><given-names>Валентина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>myachikova_vyu@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-4148</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5698-7797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslyanskiy</surname><given-names>Alexey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслянский</surname><given-names>Алексей Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>esc_4@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0015-8620</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9900-7817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mairina</surname><given-names>Sofia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майрина</surname><given-names>Софья Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач</p></bio><email>sonya.spbgmu16@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-7822</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9552-8248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>Lubov B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>Любовь Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>lubamitr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-6257</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5343-6287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostareva</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костарева</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>akostareva@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-3847</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1492-3900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>moiseeva@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-25"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-05-24"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/8342">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/8342</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Myocarditis and pericarditis are common pathologies in the general population, which pose significant challenges to practitioners for both diagnosis and treatment due to the unique characteristics of diagnosis verification and lack of clear understanding of the diseases’ pathogenesis. This publication discusses the primary mechanisms of inflammatory diseases’ development of the myocardium and pericardium based on innate and acquired immunity disorders, including data from our research confirming the autoimmune and autoinflammatory nature of these diseases. The paper presents the main clinical manifestations and laboratory markers that enable differential diagnosis between autoimmune and autoinflammatory heart diseases. Additionally, it provides an evidence-based approach to the effectiveness of various anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs in different types and stages of inflammatory diseases of the myocardium and pericardium.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Миокардиты и перикардиты — широко распространенная в общей популяции населения патология, которая вызывает большие трудности как в диагностике, так и в лечении в связи с особенностями верификации диагноза и отсутствием четких представлений о патогенезе заболеваний. В настоящей статье рассматриваются основные механизмы развития воспалительных заболеваний миокарда и перикарда с позиции нарушений врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета, а также данные собственных исследований, подтверждающих аутоиммунную и аутовоспалительную природу перечисленных заболеваний. В работе представлены основные клинические проявления и лабораторные маркеры, позволяющие провести дифференциальный диагноз между аутоиммунными и аутовоспалительными заболеваниями сердца, а также доказательная база эффективности различных классов противовоспалительных и иммуносупрессивных препаратов при различных вариантах воспалительных заболеваний миокарда и перикарда, а также с учетом стадии развития заболевания.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>pericarditis</kwd><kwd>immune mechanisms</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>перикардит</kwd><kwd>иммунные механизмы</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2022-301</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dai H, Lotan D, Much AA, et al. 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