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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">807</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn807</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВНУТРЕННИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">INTESTINAL MECHANISMS OF ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION DISTURBANCE OF BILE ACIDS IN CHOLELITHIASIS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИНТЕСТИНАЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ В НАРУШЕНИИ ЭНТЕРОГЕПАТИЧЕСКОЙ ЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ ЖЕЛЧНЫХ КИСЛОТ ПРИ ЖЕЛЧНОКАМЕННОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-2658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhrushev</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахрушев</surname><given-names>Яков Максимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный врач РФ и МЗ УР, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом сестринского дела.</p><p>426034, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, д. 281.</p><p>SPIN-код: 1286-8503</p></bio><email>melkaya_kaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-6316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukashevich</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашевич</surname><given-names>Анна Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Очный аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом сестринского дела.</p><p>426034, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, д. 281.</p><p>SPIN-код: 2333-8102</p></bio><email>anna.lukashevich.89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом сестринского дела.</p><p>426034, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, д. 281.</p><p>SPIN-код: 4836-8883</p></bio><email>gor-a1976@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-0236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Penkina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пенкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с курсом сестринского дела.</p><p>426034, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, д. 281.</p><p>SPIN-код: 3217-2445</p></bio><email>penkina_ia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ижевская государственная медицинская академия Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-05-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>72</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2018-05-26"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/807">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/807</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold>: Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system which affects all segments of the population and preserves a stable growth of incidence rates. In recent years the development of cholelithiasis is associated with impaired enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile acids (BA). The small intestine (SI) plays an important part in EHC of BA because 80‒90% of BA are absorbed into the blood after deconjugation by bacteria in the SI. However, in spite of a number of works dealing with the problem of EHC of BA at the intestinal level, the problem is far from being solved. </p><p><bold>Aims:</bold> To assess the association between the level of bile acids in the blood and bile of patients with cholelithiasis and disturbance of resorbing function of the small intestine as well as changes in the condition of the intestinal microbiota. </p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>: Non-randomized controlled trial. The study group included patients aged 18‒74 with lithogenic stage of cholelithiasis. The diagnosis was based on clinical data and the results of ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. Bile acids in the blood and bile were determined by mass spectrometry using the apparatus AmazonX (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). Biochemical examination of bile was conducted. Absorption in the small intestine was studied by functional glucose tolerance test. Condition of the intestinal microbiota was assessed by the hydrogen breath test with lactulose using the apparatus LaktofaH2 (AMA, St. Petersburg). Stool culture was performed in selective media. </p><p><bold>Results:</bold> 115 patients aged 18 to 74 with prestone stage of cholelithiasis and 25 healthy people, comparable in age and sex, were examined. In patients with prestone stage of cholelithiasis biochemical examination of bile revealed increased cholesterol and decreased bile acids and bile acids-cholesterol ratio in B and C bile. The level of bile acids in the blood was reduced in comparison with the control group; it was associated in particular with a significant reduction in chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and glycodeoxycholic acids. Resorption in the small intestine was increased in patients with cholelithiasis compared with the control group (blood glucose increase within 30 minutes after the glucose load was 3.13±0.17 and 2.32±0.11 mmol/l respectively; p&lt;0.05). In the majority of patients small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), mainly (75% of patients) associated with ileocecal insufficiency, and dysbiosis in the large intestine were established (88 and 100% of patients respectively). </p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> The small intestine is an important component in disturbance of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Significant changes in deconjugation of bile acids occur due to SIBO in the distal ileum and dysbiosis in the large intestine, thus disturbings the proportion of fractions of bile acids in the blood and bile.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Желчнокаменная болезнь — одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний органов пищеварения, поражающее все слои населения и сохраняющее устойчивую тенденцию к росту заболеваемости. В последние годы развитие желчнокаменной болезни связывают с нарушением энтерогепатической циркуляции желчных кислот. Важное место в этом процессе занимает тонкая кишка, поскольку в ней происходит всасывание 80‒90% желчных кислот. Вместе с тем проблема энтерогепатической циркуляции желчных кислот на уровне кишечного звена еще далека от решения.</p><p> </p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>: изучить взаимосвязь между уровнями желчных кислот в крови и желчи у больных желчнокаменной болезнью с нарушением резорбционной функции тонкой кишки и изменением состояния микробиоты кишечника.</p><p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено контролируемое нерандомизированное исследование. В обследовании больных использовались клинические (анамнез и объективное исследование), лабораторные (определение желчных кислот в крови и желчи, анализ биохимического состава желчи, функциональные нагрузочные пробы с глюкозой для оценки всасывания в тонкой кишке, посев кала для диагностики дисбиоза), инструментальные (ультразвуковое исследование желчного пузыря, водородные дыхательные тесты с лактулозой для выявления синдрома избыточного бактериального роста в тонкой кишке) и статистические (определение средних арифметических величин, стандартного отклонения, ошибки средней, коэффициента корреляции Пирсона, с помощью программы Statistica 6.0) методы.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Обследовано 115 больных с предкаменной стадией желчнокаменной болезни и 25 практически здоровых лиц. У больных с предкаменной стадией желчнокаменной болезни при биохимическом исследовании желчи в порциях «В» и «С» в сравнении с контролем выявлено увеличение холестерина и снижение желчных кислот и холатохолестеринового коэффициента. Снижение уровня желчных кислот в крови было связано с достоверным уменьшением хенодезоксихолевой, дезоксихолевой и гликодезоксихолевой кислот. Резорбция в тонкой кишке у больных желчнокаменной болезнью была усилена в сравнении с контролем (прирост гликемии через 30 мин после нагрузки глюкозой составил 3,13±0,17 и 2,32±0,11 ммоль/л соответственно; р&lt;0,05). У 88% больных установлен синдром избыточного бактериального роста в тонкой кишке, в основном (у 75% больных) на фоне недостаточности илеоцекальной заслонки, и у 100% больных — дисбиоз толстой кишки.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Тонкая кишка является важным звеном в нарушении энтерогепатической циркуляции желчных кислот. Вследствие синдрома избыточного бактериального роста в дистальном отделе подвздошной кишки и толстокишечного дисбиоза происходят существенные изменения в деконъюгации желчных кислот, что приводит к нарушению соотношения фракций желчных кислот в крови и желчи.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholelithiasis</kwd><kwd>small intestine</kwd><kwd>absorption</kwd><kwd>bile acids</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>тонкая кишка</kwd><kwd>всасывание</kwd><kwd>желчные кислоты</kwd><kwd>синдром избыточного бактериального роста</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Marin J. G. Intestinal Bile Acid Physiology and Pathophysiology. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2008; 14(37): 5630-5640.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Venneman N. G., Erpecum K. J. Pathogenesis of Gallstones. 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