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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">803</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">NATURAL RESERVOIR OF FILOVIRUSES AND TYPES OF ASSOCIATED EPIDEMIC OUTBREAKS IN AFRICA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРИРОДНЫЙ РЕЗЕРВУАР ФИЛОВИРУСОВ И ТИПЫ СВЯЗАННЫХ С НИМИ ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИХ ВСПЫШЕК НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ АФРИКИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-7623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkanov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелканов</surname><given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, доцент, магистрант ШБ ДФУ.</p><p>690091, Приморский край, Владивосток, ул. Суханова, д. 8.</p><p>SPIN-код: 5736-7230</p></bio><email>adorob@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magassouba</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магассуба</surname><given-names>Н’Фали</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GN">Guinea</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Conakry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гвинейская Республика, г. Конакри, Шоссе № 1</p></bio><email>cmagassouba01@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-0169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedkov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедков</surname><given-names>Владимир Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник группы биотехнологии и генной инженерии отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А.</p><p>SPIN-код: 9885-5333</p></bio><email>vgdedkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-6601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipulin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипулин</surname><given-names>Герман Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ккандидат медицинских наук, руководитель Научно-производственной лаборатории по разработке новых препаратов для диагностики заболеваний человека и животных.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А.</p><p>SPIN-код: 1908-9098</p></bio><email>shipgerman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-5833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Ирина Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник ШБ ДФУ.</p><p>690091, Приморский край, Владивосток, ул. Суханова, д. 8.</p><p>SPIN-код: 7224-0756</p></bio><email>galkina333@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-5092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека.</p>127994, Москва, Вадковский пер., д. 18</bio><email>depart@gsen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-4367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maleev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеев</surname><given-names>Виктор Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заместитель по научной работе.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3А.</p><p>SPIN-код: 1712-9809</p></bio><email>maleyev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Школа биомедицины Дальневосточного федерального университета</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный Центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hygienic and Epidemiological Center in Primorsky Krai</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Приморском крае</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Donka National Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Гамаль Абдель Насер, лаборатория вирусологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Postdegree Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-05-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>72</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2018-05-26"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/803">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/803</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Family Filoviridae includes a set of etiological agents of human hemorrhagic fevers distributed in Africa: Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Marburg marburgvirus (MMARV). Historiography and recent taxonomical structure of Filoviridae family are considered in the review. The discussed data of laboratory and ecological-virological field researches demonstrate the presence of a natural reservoir of filoviruses among fruit-bats (Chiroptera, Megachiroptera) which carry filovirus infection without clinical signs but allocate viruses with urine, saliva, excrements, and sperm, as well as contain viruses in blood and internals. The potential hosts of filoviruses are various mammal species including the higher primacies (Anthropoidea) and the humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). A brief comparison of anatomic and morphologic features of fruit bats and bats (Chiroptera, Microchiroptera) belonging to another suborder of chiropterans is presented. The description of the basic characteristics of the four types of epidemic outbreaks linked with Filoviridae-associated fevers — speleological (from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον — cave), forest, rural, and urban are given; their possible transformation directions are considered as well.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Семейство Filoviridae содержит ряд возбудителей геморрагических лихорадок человека, распространенных на территории Африки: эболавирус Заир (Zaire ebolavirus, ZEBOV), эболавирус Судан (Sudan ebolavirus, SUDV), эболавирус Бундибугё (Bundibugyo ebolavirus, BDBV), (Taï Forest ebolavirus, TAFV), марбургвирус Марбург (Marburg marburgvirus, MMARV). В обзоре представлены историография и рецентная таксономическая структура семейства Filoviridae; выполнен этимологический анализ устаревших и современных названий представителей этого семейства; обсуждаются данные лабораторных и полевых эколого-вирусологических исследований, свидетельствующих о том, что резервуаром филовирусов является подотряд Крыланов (Chiroptera, Megachiroptera), которые переносят филовирусную инфекцию инаппарантно, но выделяют вирусы с мочой, слюной, фекалиями и спермой, а также содержат вирусы в крови и внутренних органах. Потенциальными хозяевами филовирусов является широкий спектр видов млекопитающих, включая высших приматов (Anthropoidea) и человека (Homo sapiens sapiens). В работе приводится краткое сравнение анатомических и морфологических особенностей крыланов и летучих мышей (Chiroptera, Microchiroptera), входящих в другой подотряд отряда Рукокрылых. Дано описание основных характеристик четырех типов эпидемических вспышек филовирусных лихорадок — спелеологического (от др.-греч. σπήλαιον — пещера), лесного, деревенского и городского, а также возможные направления трансформации в процессе их развития и масштабирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Filoviridae</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic fever</kwd><kwd>natural reservoir</kwd><kwd>Chiroptera</kwd><kwd>Africa</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Filoviridae</kwd><kwd>геморрагическая лихорадка</kwd><kwd>природный резервуар</kwd><kwd>Chiroptera</kwd><kwd>Африка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ДВФУ, ФНЦ биоразнообразия ДВО РАН, Роспотребнадзор</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Щелканов М.Ю., Magassouba N.F., Boiro M.Y., Малеев В.В. Причины развития эпидемии лихорадки Эбола в Западной Африке // Лечащий врач. — 2014. — №11 — С. 30–36. 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