Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC73110.15690/vramn731CELL TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND TISSUE ENGINEERING: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КЛЕТОЧНОЙ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ И ТКАНЕВОЙ ИНЖЕНЕРИИThe Cell Therapy in Traumatic Spinal Cord InjuryКлеточная терапия при травмах спинного мозгаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-7483VoronovaA. D.ВороноваА. Д.
Russian Federation

Moscow, Russian Federation

аспирантка кафедры медицинских нанобиотехнологий ГБОУ ВПО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Адрес: 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1, тел.: +7 (495) 434-13-01

nastyanastyav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-0442StepanovaO. V.СтепановаО. В.

Moscow, Russian Federation

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрохимии Федерального медицинского исследовательского центра психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского Адрес: 119034, Москва, пер. Кропоткинский, д. 23, тел.: +7 (495) 637-40-00

sms-34@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9377-6673ChadinA. V.ЧадинА. В.

Moscow, Russian Federation

научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии Федерального медицинского исследовательского центра психиатрии и наркологии им. В.П. Сербского Адрес: 119034, Москва, пер. Кропоткинский, д. 23, тел.: +7 (495) 637-40-00

chadin_777@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-6278ReshetovI. V.РешетовИ. В.

Moscow, Russian Federation

октор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор НОКЦ пластической хирургии ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Адрес: 119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 248-77-84

2487784@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5152-6753ChekhoninV. P.ЧехонинВ. П.

Moscow, Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, академик РАМН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой медицинских нанобиотехнологий ГБОУ ВПО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Адрес: 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1, тел.: +7 (495) 434-04-56

chekhoninnew@yandex.ruPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаThe Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic PsychiatryФедеральный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. СербскогоSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityУниверситетская клиническая больница № 1 Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета имени И.М. СеченоваPirogov Russian National Research Medical University The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic PsychiatryРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского291220167162809201618112016Copyright ©; 2016, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2016, Издательство "Педиатръ"2016"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/731

The opportunities and the most promising ways of using cellular technology in traumatic spinal cord injury are considered in this review. A large number of experimental and clinical studies with the use of different types of cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, Schwann cells, olfactory mucosa cells, and others – was conducted. The use of these types of cells in traumatic spinal cord injury treatment often demonstrated a positive therapeutic effect: the motor and sensory function recovery of the spinal cord. However, some types of cell preparations involve some methodological and ethical problems; some types of cell therapies are ineffective or give rise to side effects. These factors complicate the selection of optimal cell therapy for the traumatic spinal cord injury treatment. The most promising cells seem to be the cells of the olfactory mucosa. Getting the olfactory mucosa is considered to be a feasible and safe procedure for patients. The clinical application of the cells of the olfactory mucosa is effective in motor function recovery due to remyelination and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. These cells are tissue-specific and autologous since they can be obtained from a patient with spinal cord injury, and after cultivation, expansion, and directed differentiation they can be transplanted to the same patient. The presented benefits of olfactory mucosa cells open up the possibility for its clinical application in the cell therapy.

В обзоре уделяется внимание возможностям и наиболее перспективным направлениям клеточной терапии при травмах спинного мозга. Результаты экспериментальных работ и клинических исследований с использованием различных типов клеток ― эмбриональных стволовых, индуцированных плюрипотентных, мезенхимальных стволовых, Шванновских, клеток обонятельной выстилки и др. ― при травматических повреждениях спинного мозга во многих случаях продемонстрировали положительный терапевтический эффект с восстановлением сенсорной и моторной функций спинного мозга. Однако отмечено, что использование отдельных клеточных препаратов связано с определенными методическими и этическими проблемами, а применение некоторых типов клеток малоэффективно или приводит к нежелательным побочным эффектам. Наиболее перспективными показали себя клетки обонятельной выстилки, при этом процедура их получения доступна и безопасна для пациентов. Применение клеток обонятельной выстилки достаточно эффективно для восстановления двигательной функции вследствие ремиелинизации и регенерации аксонов после повреждения спинного мозга. Данные клетки являются тканеспецифичными и аутологичными, поскольку могут быть получены от пациента с травмой спинного мозга и после наращивания в культуре и направленной дифференцировки трансплантированы тому же самому пациенту. Такие преимущества клеток обонятельной выстилки открывают широкие возможности их применения в клеточной терапии при травмах спинного мозга.

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