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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Generation of Antibiotic Tolerant Bacterial Persisters in Immunocompromized Patients with Hematologic and Malignant Diseases: A New Problem of Health-Care Associated Infections</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генерация антибиотикотолерантных бактерий при гематологических и онкологических заболеваниях, сопровождающихся иммунокомпрометацией: новая проблема инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>Алексей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, Центрального НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора; профессор кафедры эпидемиологии ИПО Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова</p></bio><email>bio-tav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisarev</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писарев</surname><given-names>Владимир Митрофанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией молекулярных механизмов критических состояний НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского</p></bio><email>vpisarev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>N. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>Наталья Захаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>natm9797@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaponov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапонов</surname><given-names>Андрей Михайлович.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией инфекционной иммунологии ФНКЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачёва</p></bio><email>zorba@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачёва</surname><given-names>Александра Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бактериолог отдела инфекционного контроля </p></bio><email>alnickgrach@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>Галина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделом инфекционного контроля</p></bio><email>galigen@yahoo.co.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev’s Federal Scientific and Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачёва, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-07-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2017-07-12"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/687">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/687</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Antibiotic tolerance (AT) represents one of the causes of the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance that allows escape of non-replicating metabolically inert microorganisms (persisters) from any antibiotics attack because molecular targets of antibiotics are lacking thereby creating the potential for chronic infections. </p><p>Aims:Determine the heterogeneity of the strains of opportunistic pathogens E. coli and P. aeruginosa isolates from children with hematologic malignancies containing bacterial persisters that cause the AT phenomenon. </p><p>Methods: Children with hematological malignancies were divided into 2 groups according to the intensity of antibiotic treatment of infectious complications. Ciprofloxacin-induced persisters were quantitatively determined in the biological materials obtained from sick children. </p><p>Results: Within the clinical isolates of E. coli and P. aeruginosa, about a third of the strains belong to high-persisting. The numbers of persistent forms of bacteria did not correlate with a minimal inhibitory concentration values ciprofloxacin (r=0.148, n=25, p&gt;0.05). Interestingly, higher level of formation of persistent E. coli and P. aeruginosa, is associated with higher frequencies of infection attacks, massive antibiotic use and unfavorable course of the disease in children. </p><p>Conclusions: Therefore, detecting the persistent forms of bacterial pathogens including those associated with the health-care associated infection, specifically, in immunocompromised patients, should be included into the contemporary algorithms of microbiological observation and monitoring of patients and intrahospital environment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Антибиотикотолерантность (АТ) ― одна из причин феномена антибиотикоустойчивости ― обеспечивает ускользание нереплицирующихся и метаболически инертных микроорганизмов (персистеров) от воздействия любых антибиотиков вследствие отсутствия биологических мишеней воздействия последних, тем самым создавая потенциал для хронизации инфекций. </p><p>Цель: установление факта гетерогенности клинических изолятов условно-патогенных микроорганизмов Escherichia сoli и Pseudomonas aeruginosa, выделенных от детей с онкогематологическими заболеваниями, по содержанию персистеров, несущих феномен АТ. </p><p>Методы. Детей с онкогематологическими заболеваниями разделили на 2 группы в зависимости от интенсивности антибиотикотерапии инфекционных осложнений (менее или более 5 антибиотиков за госпитализацию). В биоматериале, полученном от больных детей, in vitro определяли количество ципрофлоксацининдуцированных бактерий-персистеров. </p><p>Результаты. Среди изученных штаммов, около 1/3 характеризуется высоким содержанием персистеров, обеспечивающих быстрое восстановление численности популяции после антибиотической атаки in vitro. Содержание персистеров не коррелировало с определенной ранее минимальной подавляющей концентрацией ципрофлоксацина (r=0,148; n=25; p&gt;0,05). Высокий уровень формирования персистеров у штаммов условно-патогенных микроорганизмов E. coli и P. aeruginosa ассоциирован с более высоким уровнем инфекционных осложнений и неблагоприятным течением основного заболевания у детей, страдающих онкогематологическими заболеваниями. Штаммы E. coli и P. aeruginosa, выделенные из крови, бронхоальвеолярного лаважа, мочи и мазков со слизистых оболочек пациентов, получивших массивную антибиотикотерапию (5 и более антибиотиков в течение 2−3-недельного курса лечения), достоверно чаще характеризовались высоким уровнем содержания персистеров (более 1000 КОЕ/мл), по сравнению со штаммами, выделенными от детей, в лечении которых использовано меньшее число антибактериальных препаратов. </p><p>Выводы. Количественная оценка персистирующих форм патогенных и условно-патогенных микроорганизмов у больных, страдающих онкогематологическими заболеваниями, может быть рекомендована к включению в алгоритм исследований при клинико-микробиологическом мониторинге больных и внутрибольничной среды.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>persisters</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотикотолерантность</kwd><kwd>персистеры</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abraham EP, Chain E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature. 1940;146(3713):837. doi: 10.1038/146837a0.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bigger JW. 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