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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">654</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn654</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Melanoma and human papillomaviruses: is there an outlook for study? Review of the literature</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Меланома и вирусы папиллом человека: есть ли перспектива для исследования? Обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgareva</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгарева</surname><given-names>Галина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории механизмов гибели опухолевых клеток</p></bio><email>galina.volgareva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения биотерапии опухолей</p></bio><email>irmikhaylova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головина</surname><given-names>Дарья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник экспресс-лаборатории</p></bio><email>dagolovina@pisem.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина, Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-05-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2016-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2017-05-07"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/654">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/654</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p/><p>Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human malignant tumors. Its incidence and mortality are growing steadily. Ultraviolet irradiation is the main risk factor for melanoma, however it seems not to be the sole environmental factor involved in melanomagenesis.</p><p>Probability of viral etiology of melanoma has been discussed for a long time. Human papillomaviruses have been mentioned among candidates for its etiologic agents. Much interest in these viruses is due to the fact that powerful carcinogens causing cervical cancer and some other cancer types are members of this group. The aim of the review is analysis of literature data on association of melanoma with human papillomaviruses.</p><p>Several groups found papillomaviruses in skin melanomas as well as in mucous ones; viruses if high oncogenic risk were detected in some cases. In majority of the studies in which viral DNA-positive melanomas were found testing for viral genome expression was not done. Objective difficulty of such studies is the problem of negative control as papillomaviruses are being routinely found in normal skin and mucous membranes thus creating justifiable threat of tumor specimen contamination with viral DNA <italic>in vivo</italic>. Complex approach might become helpful in overcoming this obstacle: detecting of viral DNA, viral oncogenes’ mRNAs and corresponding proteins.</p><p>There are limited data on aggravation of the disease prognosis in papillomavirus-positive melanomas. However systematic observation of some sizeable patients’ contingents differing in the given tumor character has not been performed yet.</p>The problem of melanoma association with human papillomaviruses remains unsolved</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Меланома - одна из наиболее агрессивных злокачественных опухолей человека. Заболеваемость меланомой и смертность от неё неуклонно растут. Ультрафиолетовое излучение – основной фактор риска развития меланомы, однако, по-видимому, это – не единственный экологический фактор, вовлеченный<italic> </italic>в меланомогенез.</p><p>Возможность вирусной природы меланомы обсуждается давно. Среди кандидатов на роль этиологических агентов меланомы фигурируют папилломавирусы. Интерес к ним велик ввиду того, что в эту группу вирусов входят сильные канцерогены, вызывающие рак шейки матки и некоторые другие формы рака. Цель обзора - анализ данных литературы об ассоциации меланомы с вирусами папиллом человека.</p><p>Несколько исследовательcких групп обнаружили папилломавирусы в образцах меланомы кожи и слизистых оболочек; при этом иногда выявлялись и вирусы типов высокого онкогенного риска. Проверка экспрессии генома вируса при обнаружении в образце меланомы вирусной ДНК в подавляющем большинстве работ не проводилась. Объективной трудностью при проведении подобных исследований является проблема отрицательного контроля: папилломавирусы регулярно обнаруживаются на нормальной коже и слизистых оболочках человека, что делает реальной угрозу контаминации образца опухоли вирусной ДНК <italic>in</italic><italic>vivo</italic>. Преодолению этого затруднения мог бы помочь комплексный подход: выявление вируса на трех уровнях, - ДНК, мРНК вирусных онкогенов и соответствующих онкобелков.</p><p>Имеются ограниченные данные об ухудшении прогноза заболевания при положительном по папилломавирусам статусе меланомы, но систематическое наблюдение за сколь-нибудь значительными группами больных, различающимися по данному статусу опухоли, не проводилось.</p><p>Вопрос об ассоциированности меланомы с вирусами папиллом человека остается открытым.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>human papillomaviruses</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>вирусы папиллом человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2012 г. (Заболеваемость и смертность) / Под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Петровой Г.В. — М.: МНИИОИ им. П.А. 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