Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC59110.15690/vramn591INFECTIOUS DISEASES: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙAptamers in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Problems and ProspectsАптамеры для терапии бактериальных инфекций: проблемы и перспективыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-292XZeninskayaN. A.ЗенинскаяН. А.
Russian Federation

Obolensk

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

nataliazeninskaya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0265KolesnikovA. V.КолесниковА. В.
Russian Federation

Obolensk;

Lyubuchany

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск;

заведующий лабораторией иммунопротеомики микроорганизмов,

Любучаны

pfu2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-909XRyabkoA. K.РябкоА. К.
Russian Federation

Obolensk

научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

ryabko_alena@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9667-1674ShemyakinI. G.ШемякинИ. Г.
Russian Federation

Obolensk

доктор биологических наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

shemyakin@obolensk.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-4585DyatlovI. A.ДятловИ. А.

Obolensk

член-корреспондент РАМН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

dyatlov@obolensk.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-5943KozyrA. V.КозырьА. В.
Russian Federation

Obolensk

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

avkozyr@gmail.comState Research Center for Applied Microbiology and BiotechnologyГосударственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологииImmunological Engineering InstitutionИнститут инженерной иммунологии151120167153503581603201605102016Copyright ©; 2016, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2016, Издательство "Педиатръ"2016"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/591

Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides which are selected via targeted chemical evolution in vitro to bind a molecular target of interest. The aptamer selection technology is designated as SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). SELEX enables isolation of oligonucleotide aptamers binding a wide range of targets of interest with little respect for their nature and molecular weight. A number of applications of aptamer selection were developed ranging from biosensor technologies to antitumor drug discovery. First aptamer-based pharmaceutical (Macugen) was approved by FDA for clinical use in 2004, and since then more than ten aptamer-based drugs undergo various phases of clinical trials. From the medicinal chemist’s point of view, aptamers represent a new class of molecules suitable for the development of new therapeutics. Due to the stability, relative synthesis simplicity, and development of advanced strategies of target specific molecular selection, aptamers attract increased attention of drug discovery community. Difficulties of the development of next-generation antibiotics basing on the conventional basis of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have also amplified the interest to aptamer-based therapeutic candidates. The present article reviews the investigations focused on the development of antibacterial aptamers and discusses the potential and current limitations of the use of this type of therapeutic molecules.

Аптамеры ― короткие одноцепочечные фрагменты нуклеиновых кислот, которые в процессе направленной химической «эволюции в пробирке» на основе технологии SELEX отбирают на специфичность к избранной молекулярной мишени. Возможность получать при помощи SELEX олигонуклеотиды, связывающие широчайший спектр высоко- и низкомолекулярных лигандов, а также простота автоматизированного синтеза привели к созданию широкого спектра приложений аптамеров ― от биосенсоров до противоопухолевых препаратов. С точки зрения медицинской химии, аптамеры являются новым классом молекул, на основе которых могут быть разработаны лекарственные препараты. Поэтому, а также ввиду стабильности, относительной простоты синтеза и создания все более эффективных стратегий селекции мишеньспецифических молекул аптамеры привлекают внимание разработчиков лекарственных средств, в том числе и антибактериальных. Интерес к антибактериальным аптамерам усиливается и в связи с проблемами, возникшими при разработке принципиально новых антибактериальных средств на основе классических химических соединений ― как малых органических молекул, так и синтетических модификаций известных антибиотиков. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются работы, направленные на создание противоинфекционных аптамеров, и обсуждаются как потенциал, так и существующие на данном этапе ограничения, свойственные этому классу терапевтических молекул.

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