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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">58</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn.v70i2.1315</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕДИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HYGIENIC ASSESMENT OF EDUCATIONAL TEXTS: METHODICAL APPROACHES AND EVALUATION OF DIFFICULTIES FOR CHILDREN OF SECONDARY TEXTBOOKS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА УЧЕБНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ОЦЕНКА ТРУДНОСТИ ДЛЯ ДЕТЕЙ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧЕБНИКОВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchma</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучма</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заместитель директора Научного центра здоровья детей по научной работе, директор НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков Научного центра здоровья детейАдрес: 105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., д. 5, стр. 5, тел.: +7 (495) 917-48-31</p></bio><email>vrkuchma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой охраны здоровья, безопасности жизнедеятельности и физической культуры Иркутского института повышения квалификации работников образования Иркутской областиАдрес: 664007, Иркутск, ул. Красноказачья, д. 10а, тел.: +7 (3952) 20-99-07</p></bio><email>zdorowie38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre of Children´s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk Institute of Teacher Training, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский институт повышения квалификации работников образования, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</issue-title><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2016-04-08"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/58">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/58</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background</italic></bold><italic>: The understandability and readability of the text are significant indicators of evaluation of textbooks. <bold>Objective</bold>: The aim of the study — rationale of improving the readability and understandability of textbooks. <bold>Methods</bold>: 60 modern textbooks for 5–11th classes on History, Physics, Biology and 23 textbooks of 1960–1980’s edition. Flesch index was used to assess the readability, Fogh index — to evaluate understandability. <bold>Results</bold>: The readability and understandability of texts in textbooks of 1960–1980’s and modern editions have no differences and show the same complexity of old and modern textbooks for students. The indicator of understandability of textbooks for primary classes corresponds to age norm and is 4.4±0.2 points. The indicator of readability for these books is less age norm and is 53.8±2.9 points, which increases the physiological cost of educational activities of children of primary school age. Children’s readability and understandability of school textbooks are a significant factor of intensity of training activities and can be objectively assessed by Flesch and Fogh indices, that it is appropriate for an objective hygienic assessment of the tension of the educational activities for children. <bold>Conclusion</bold>: The main direction of optimization of the tension of educational activity is to reduce the intellectual and emotional loads in children by increasing the easiness of reading textbooks due to their compliance with the age peculiarities of students.</italic></p><p> </p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Понимаемость и удобочитаемость (легкость чтения) текста — значимые признаки оценки учебников. <bold>Цель исследования</bold>: обосновать совершенствование удобочитаемости и понимаемости текстов учебников. <bold>Методы</bold>: изучено 60 современных учебников для 1–11-х классов по истории, физике, биологии, а также 23 учебника, изданные в 1960–1980 гг. Для оценки удобочитаемости использовали показатель Флеша, для оценки понимаемости — индекс Фога. <bold>Результаты</bold>: удобочитаемость и понимаемость текстов учебников 1960–1980-х гг. и современных изданий не отличается, что свидетельствует об одинаковой сложности для обучающихся старых и современных учебников. Показатель понимаемости учебников для начальных классов соответствует возрастной норме и составляет 4,4±0,2 балла. Показатель легкости чтения этих учебников меньше возрастной нормы и равен 53,8±2,9 балла, что повышает физиологическую стоимость учебной деятельности детей младшего школьного возраста. Удобочитаемость и понимаемость детьми текстов школьных учебников — значимый фактор напряженности учебной деятельности. Он может быть объективно оценен с помощью показателя Флеша и индекса Фога, что целесообразно для объективной гигиенической оценки напряженности учебной деятельности детей. <bold>Заключение</bold>: основным направлением оптимизации напряженности учебной деятельности является снижение интеллектуальных и эмоциональных нагрузок у детей путем повышения легкости чтения школьных учебников за счет их соответствия возрастным особенностям обучающихся.</italic></p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hygienic safety textbooks</kwd><kwd>readability</kwd><kwd>understandability</kwd><kwd>Flesch index</kwd><kwd>Fogh index</kwd><kwd>methods of textbook evaluation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гигиеническая безопасность учебников</kwd><kwd>удобочитаемость</kwd><kwd>понимаемость</kwd><kwd>показатель Флеша</kwd><kwd>индекс Фога</kwd><kwd>методы оценки учебников</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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