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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">556</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn.v70.i5.1450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REPORTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interneurons Brainstem of the Human</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Межъядерные интернейроны в стволе мозга человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chertok</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черток</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анатомии человека ТГМУ Адрес: 690002, Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, д. 2, тел.: +7 (423) 245-34-73</p></bio><email>chertokv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotsyuba</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коцюба</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии человека ТГМУ Адрес: 690034, Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, д. 2, тел.: +7 (423) 231-59-08</p></bio><email>akotc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Startseva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель, кафедры физики и математики ТГМУ Адрес: 690016, Владивосток, пр-т Острякова, д. 2, тел.: +7 (423) 245-17-22</p></bio><email>startsevams@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pacifi c State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет, Владивосток, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>608</fpage><lpage>613</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2016-12-03"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/556">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/556</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective</bold>: To conduct a comparative study of the structural organization of internuclear interneurons involved in the metabolism of nitrogen monoxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide in the caudal brain stem humans.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> The cross-sectional study was performed. We used histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to study the internuclear interneurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase, cystathionine β-synthase and heme oxygenase-2 which are located between the giant and small cell reticular nuclei (cell group 1), small cell reticular nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (cell group 2) or is surrounded by reticular lateral nucleus (cell group 3).</p><p><bold>Results</bold>: The work was carried out on the corpses of 6 men 18–44 years old who died from causes unrelated to the damage of the central nervous system. We revealed the differences between internuclear organization and intranuclear interneurons and local structural features of internuclear interneurons that are more clearly visible between the cell group 1 including a relatively large number of large neurons and cell groups 2 and 3 (р &lt;0,001). In the latter two groups small cells with high concentrations of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-2 dominated.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: Despite the fact that the number of internuclear interneurons significantly is less than the number of intranuclear cells, they have structural prerequisites to control integration processes in the brain. Internuclear interneurons produce gasotransmitters and classical mediators of nerve impulse, form a local chain of interneurons between vasomotor nuclei, share many links with the above and the lower parts of the brain.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>: произвести сравнение структурной организации межъядерных интернейронов, участвующих в обмене оксида азота, сероводорода и монооксида углерода в каудальных отделах ствола мозга человека.</p><p><bold>Методы</bold>: проведено кросс-секционное исследование. Гистохимическим и иммуногистохимическим методами исследовали межъядерные интернейроны, экспрессирующие нейрональную синтазу окиси азота, цистатионин β-синтазу и гемоксигеназу-2, которые находятся между гиганто- и мелкоклеточным ретикулярными ядрами (клеточная группа 1); ретикулярным мелкоклеточным ядром и ядром одиночного пути (клеточная группа 2); в окружении ретикулярного латерального ядра (клеточная группа 3).<bold> </bold></p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>: работа выполнена на 6 трупах мужчин 18–44 (средний возраст 38) лет, умерших в результате причин, не связанных с повреждением центральной нервной системы. Установлены отличия организации меж- и внутриядерных интернейронов, а также локальные особенности структуры межъядерных интернейронов, которые более отчетливо прослеживаются между клеточной группой 1, включающей относительно большое число крупных нейронов, и клеточными группами 2 и 3 (р &lt;0,001). В последних 2 группах преобладают мелкие клетки с высокой концентрацией нейрональной синтазы окиси азота и гемоксигеназы-2.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>: несмотря на то, что межъядерных интернейронов значительно меньше, чем внутриядерных, они имеют структурные предпосылки для управления интеграционными процессами в мозге. Межъядерные интернейроны продуцируют газотрансмиттеры и классические медиаторы нервного импульса, формируют локальные цепи интернейронов между вазомоторными ядрами, обмениваются многочисленными связями с выше- и нижележащими отделами мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitric oxide synthase</kwd><kwd>cystathionine β-synthase</kwd><kwd>heme oxygenase-2</kwd><kwd>the medulla oblongata</kwd><kwd>internuclear interneurons</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синтаза окиси азота</kwd><kwd>цистатионин β-синтаза</kwd><kwd>гемоксигеназа-2</kwd><kwd>продолговатый мозг</kwd><kwd>межъядерные интернейроны</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Guyenet P.G. Role of the ventral medulla oblongata in blood pressure regulation. In: Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions. A.D. Loewy, K.M. Spayer (eds.). 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