Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC54110.15690/vramn.v70.i5.1436PEDIATRICS: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕДИАТРИИThyroid Adenomas in ChildrenАденомы щитовидной железы у детейMorozovD. A.МорозовД. А.
Russian Federation

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор НИИ детской хирургии НЦЗД, заведующий кафедрой детской хирургии и урологии-андрологии Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 134-13-17

damorozov@list.ruPimenovaE. S.ПименоваЕ. С.
Russian Federation

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры детской хирургии и урологии-андрологии Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1

evgeniyapimenova@list.ruMirokovaE. D.МироковаЕ. Д.
Russian Federation

студентка 6-го курса Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (495) 705-00-45

kotemirokova@gmail.comScientifi c Centre of Children Health, Moscow, Russian Federation Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian FederationНаучный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва, Российская ФедерацияScientifi c Centre of Children Health, Moscow, Russian FederationНаучный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация031220157055135180212201502122015Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"2015"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/541

According to the papers thyroid nodules are quite rare in the first two decades of life. However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the physician to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions preoperatively, and not only in these areas of greater risk. The authors analyzed current works, which are devoted to diagnostics and treatment of adenomas of thyroid gland in children. This literature review is based on works dedicated to epidemiology, histotypes study, and methods of diagnostics, surgical treatment, prognosis and complications of this pathology. The current tendencies in surgical approaches, intraoperative monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve are also discussed. The actuality of this problem is connected with last decade increase of adenomas in structure of thyroid gland nodules, increase of number of patients with multiple adenomas and with polypathias: adenomas with nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and cancer in children. The difficulties of diagnostic of adenomas are related to the similar clinical symptoms, cytogenetic characteristics of growth of benign and malignant lesions of thyroid gland. Additionally there is no systematic review about thyroid adenomas in children recent years.

Согласно данным литературы, аденомы щитовидной железы весьма редко встречаются в детском возрасте. В обзоре представлены данные современных отечественных и зарубежных авторов, посвященные проблемам диагностики и лечения аденом щитовидной железы у детей. Проведен детальный анализ актуальных исследований по направлениям: эпидемиология, изучение гистологических типов, методы диагностики, хирургическое лечение, отдаленные результаты данной патологии. Кроме того, в обзоре перечислены последние тенденции в отношении изменения оперативных доступов, интраоперационного нейромониторинга. Актуальность проблемы связана с тем, что в последнее десятилетие отмечается резкое количественное увеличение аденом в структуре узловых образований щитовидной железы, увеличение числа больных с множественными аденомами, а также с сочетанной патологией — аденомы с узловым коллоидным зобом, аутоиммунным тиреоидитом и раком у детей. Как истинные эпителиальные неоплазии, аденомы щитовидной железы обладают сходными клиническими и цитогенетическими характеристиками роста с раком щитовидной железы, что часто приводит к диагностическим ошибкам. Необходимость проведения настоящей работы обусловлена еще и тем, что за последние годы подобнаясистематизация не проводилась.

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