Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC5410.15690/vramn.v70i2.1311PROCEEDINGS of the GENERAL MEETING of the Department of Medical Sciences, RASМАТЕРИАЛЫ ОБЩЕГО СОБРАНИЯ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ НАУК РАНAUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: PROBLEM STATEMENT AND PROSPECTSАУТОИММУННЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ: СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫPiradovM. A.ПирадовМ. А.
Russian Federation

PhD, professor, corresponding member of RAS, Director of Research Centre of Neurology. Address: 80, Volokolamskoe Highway, Moscow, 125367, tel.: +7 (495) 290-20-03

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Научного центра неврологии, член-корреспондет РАНАдрес: 125367, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80, тел.: +7 (495) 290-20-03

dir@neurology.ruSuponevaN. A.СупоневаН. А.
Russian Federation

PhD, Head of the Department of Neurorehabilitation and Physiatrics of Research Centre of Neurology. Address: 80, Volokolamskoe Highway, Moscow, 125367, tel.: +7 (495) 290-20-03

доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отделения нейрореабилитации и физиотерапии Научного центра неврологииАдрес: 125367, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 80 , тел.: +7 (495) 490-25-02

reneurology@neurology.ruResearch Centre of Neurology, Moscow, Russian FederationНаучный центр неврологии, Москва, Российская Федерация08042015702Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук18318707082015Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"2015"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/54

This review highlights the achievements in the field of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system over the last 15 years. It became possible to deepen the understanding of medical and social significance of these diseases, form the concept of nosologic unit heterogeneity, describe new and atypical forms of demyelinating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, autoimmune diseases of the neuromuscular synapse. Also, it is important to mention, that the new antigens were identified, the diagnostic panel of autoantibodies was developed and put into practice. Furthermore, the clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients were developed, the new drugs were tested and included in these guidelines. The scientists of the biggest Russian neurological centre, Research Centre of Neurology (Moscow), developed a vaccine for immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis, studied pathomorphosis of Guillain–Barre syndrome, specified the components of its pathogenesis, improved the programs of pathogenetic therapy, which led to the decrease in mortality from 30 to 3%, helped to decrease the AVL period by 2 times, hasten the recovery of independent walking by 2.5 times. Nowadays different biomarkers of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system are studied and modern technologies in neurorehabilitation are applied.

В статье освещены достигнутые за последние 15 лет результаты в области аутоиммунных заболеваний нервной системы: укрепилось понимание медико-социальной значимости этих болезней, сформировалась концепция гетерогенности нозологических единиц, описаны новые и атипичные формы демиелинизирующих заболеваний центральной и периферической нервной системы, аутоиммунных болезней нервно-мышечного синапса. Идентифицированы новые антигены, разработаны и внедрены в практику диагностические панели аутоантител. Сформулированы клинические рекомендации по диагностике и ведению, апробированы и включены в стандарты новые лекарственные препараты. В крупнейшем неврологическом центре России, Научном центре неврологии (Москва), разработана вакцина для иммунотерапии рассеянного склероза, исследуются биомаркеры болезней центральной и периферической нервной системы, внедряются современные технологии реабилитации. Приоритетными достижениями являются изучение патоморфоза синдрома Гийена–Барре, детализация звеньев патогенеза, совершенствование программы патогенетической терапии, позволившей снизить летальность с 30 до 3%, сократить в 2 раза сроки пребывания на искусственной вентиляции легких и в 2,5 раза ― сроки восстановления самостоятельной ходьбы.

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