Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC49510.15690/vramn.v70.i4.1413SHORT MESSAGESКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯOrbital Adipose Tissue: Just a Fat Pad or Terra Incognita in OphthalmologyЖировая ткань глазницы: амортизационная подушка, или Terra incognita в офтальмологииBorzenokS. A.БорзенокСергей Анатольевич
Russian Federation

Moscow

доктор медицинских наук, академик РАЕН, заведующий Центром фундаментальных и прикладных медико-биологических проблем, 127486, Москва, Бескудниковский б-р, д. 59A;

профессор кафедры глазных болезней

borzenok@mntk.ruAfanasyevaD. S.АфанасьеваДарья Сергеевна
Russian Federation

Moscow

клинический ординатор,

127486, Москва, Бескудниковский б-р, д. 59A

ada-tomsk@yandex.ruGushchinaM. B.ГущинаМарина Борисовна
Russian Federation

Moscow

кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник,

127486, Москва, Бескудниковский б-р, д. 59A

mbg1411@yandex.ruS.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State InstitutionМНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. ФёдороваMoscow State University of Medicine and DentistryМосковский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова290920157044644672909201529092015Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"2015"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/495

Our understanding of the role of adipose tissue has been completely changed during the past decades. The knowledge of its contribution to endocrine and immune pathways opened the new insights on the pathogenesis and therapy of many diseases and new perspectives for the regenerative medicine. The further researches should be provided to study anatomy and functions of local fat depots in more details. Of the most interest is the orbital adipose tissue due to its origin from the neural crest. This review represents the current data about anatomy, structure, cell composition and biochemistry of orbital fat. The main attention is put to such cell types as adipocytes and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. The foreign authors’ findings on such characteristics of stem cells from orbital adipose tissue as CD markers and differential capacity are reviewed. The found evidences of interaction between orbital adipose tissue, eyeball and associated structures allow us to hypothesize that this fat depot may contribute to various ocular pathology. In this paper, we outlined the possible directions for further investigation and clinical application of orbital fat and cells its composing in ophthalmology, reconstructive and plastic surgery and regenerative medicine.

Представление о роли жировой ткани в организме человека за последние десятилетия претерпело значительные изменения. Знание о ее участии в эндокринных и иммунных процессах открыло новые стороны патогенеза и терапии различных заболеваний, перспективные возможности регенеративной медицины. Дальнейшим направлением исследований становится более детальное изучение строения и функций отдельных жировых скоплений. Наибольший интерес в этом аспекте представляет жировая ткань глазницы, отличающаяся своим нейроэктодермальным происхождением. В данной обзорной статье приведены данные об анатомии, структуре, клеточном и биохимическом составе орбитального жира. Уделено внимание отдельным типам клеток: адипоцитам и мезенхимальным стволовым клеткам. Обобщены данные о таких характеристиках стволовых клеток орбитальной клетчатки, как поверхностные CD-маркеры и способность к дифференцировке. Данные об особенностях жировой клетчатки глазницы в зависимости от состояния органа зрения и его вспомогательного аппарата позволяют предположить ее участие в формировании разнообразной глазной патологии. В статье перечислены возможные направления дальнейшего изучения и практического использования орбитального жира и входящих в его состав клеток в офтальмологии, реконструктивно-пластической хирургии и регенеративной медицине

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