Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC491710.15690/vramn4917PHYSIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ФИЗИОЛОГИИResearch ArticleBiochemical and Signaling Functions of Plasmalogens in the Norm and in Various DiseasesБиохимическая и сигнальная функции плазмалогенов в норме и при различных заболеванияхhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-02713006-5614KytikovaOxana Yu.КытиковаОксана Юрьевна
Russian Federation

MD, PhD

д.м.н.

kytikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201X5888-6099NovgorodcevaTatyana P.НовгородцеваТатьяна Павловна
Russian Federation

PhD in Biology, Professor

д.б.н., профессор

nauka@niivl.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-88994997-3432DenisenkoYulia K.ДенисенкоЮлия Константиновна
Russian Federation

PhD in Biology

д.б.н.

karaman@inbox.ruVladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration — Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation TreatmentВладивостокский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания — Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения030720237832422552102202316042023Copyright ©; 2023, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2023, Издательство "Педиатръ"2023"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4917

Plasmalogens (PL) are alkenyl ether glycerophospholipids that perform many physiologically important functions in the body and have a variety of properties. The role of PLs as endogenous antioxidants is well studied, as well as PLs that determine the physicochemical properties of biomembranes, deposit polyunsaturated fatty acids, participate in cholesterol biosynthesis, the process of ferroptosis and adaptation of cells to hypoxia, are sources for the synthesis of platelet activating factor and act as its antagonists. At the same time, LPs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, inflammatory, oncological diseases and a number of other pathologies. These conditions are united by the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, accompanied by a change in the activity of synthesis and the content of PL in cells. Despite the fact that PL replacement therapy inhibits inflammation, the molecular mechanisms of the association of PL with inflammation have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest literature data on the structure, biosynthesis, and functions of PL, their relationship with signaling cascades involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and neuroinflammatory diseases, as well as to show current achievements and future prospects for the use of PL in the treatment of certain diseases.

Плазмалогены (ПЛ) — это алкенилэфирные глицерофосфолипиды, выполняющие множество физиологически важных функций в организме и обладающие разнообразными свойствами. Хорошо изучена роль ПЛ как эндогенных антиоксидантов, также ПЛ определяют физико-химические свойства биомембран, депонируют полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, участвуют в биосинтезе холестерина, процессах ферроптоза и адаптации клеток к гипоксии, являются источниками для синтеза фактора активации тромбоцитов и выступают в качестве его антагонистов. В то же время ПЛ вовлечены в патогенез нейродегенеративных, воспалительных, онкологических заболеваний и ряд других патологий. Данные состояния объединены развитием хронического воспаления и окислительного стресса, сопровождающихся изменением активности синтеза и содержания ПЛ в клетках. Несмотря на то что заместительная терапия ПЛ ингибирует воспаление, молекулярные механизмы связи ПЛ с воспалением окончательно не раскрыты. Цель этого обзора — обобщить последние литературные данные о структуре, биосинтезе и функциях ПЛ, их взаимосвязи с сигнальными каскадами, вовлеченными в патогенез хронических воспалительных и нейровоспалительных заболеваний, а также показать современные достижения и перспективы применения ПЛ в лечении некоторых заболеваний.

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