Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC49010.15690/vramn.v70.i4.1408MICROBIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ МИКРОБИОЛОГИИDevelopment of Specific Therapy to Category A ToxicInfectionsСовременные подходы к разработке специфической терапии особо опасных токсикоинфекцийKolesnikovA. V.КолесниковАлександр Владимирович
Russian Federation

Obolensk, Moscow Region

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лабораториимолекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

pfu2000@mail.ruRyabkoA. K.РябкоАлёна Константиновна
Russian Federation

Obolensk, Moscow Region

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

ryabko_alena@mail.ruShemyakinI. G.ШемякинИгорь Георгиевич
Russian Federation

Obolensk, Moscow Region

доктор биологических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

shemyakin@obolensk.orgKozyrA. V.КозырьАрина Владимировна
Russian Federation

Obolensk, Moscow Region

кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лабораториимолекулярной биологии,

142279, Московская обл., Серпуховский р-н, пос. Оболенск

avkozyr@gmail.comState Research Center for Applied Microbiology & BiotechnologyГНЦ прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии Роспотребнадзора290920157044284342809201528092015Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"2015"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissionshttps://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/490

Category A select agents continue to be major threat to human population both as naturally occurring diseases and as potential weapon of bioterrorists. Anthrax and botulism are probably the most threatening agents as both have virtually uncontrolled natural reservoirs from which they can be isolated and propagated. Available specific antitoxin therapy of both diseases is outdated; its efficiency is questionable as well as safety of reactogenic or human-derived components used in treatment. Highly sensitive toxin detection techniques are still not as widespread as it needed for timely alerting medical services. There is urgent need of pre-exposure prophylaxis and postexposure specific antitoxin therapy for anthrax and botulism. Analysis of modern studies in the field suggests oligoclonal antibodies acting against receptor-binding toxin subunits and nucleic acid aptamers as allosteric inhibitors of metlloproteolytic toxin components as the most promising candidates for development of efficient antitoxin therapy

Особо опасные токсикоинфекции являются значительной угрозой здоровью населения и нерешенной проблемой обеспечения биологической безопасности. Наибольшую опасность представляют собой ботулизм и сибирская язва, которые не только имеют практически не контролируемые природные резервуары, но также могут служить возможным оружием биотеррористов. Специфическая терапия этих заболеваний практически отсутствует, существующие методы имеют ограниченные возможности применения и низкую эффективность, в то время как высокочувствительная ранняя диагностика еще не получила широкого распространения. Необходима срочная разработка средств специфической терапии и экстренной профилактики ботулизма и сибирской язвы. Анализ современных тенденций развития этих направлений показал, что на данный момент, вероятно, наиболее перспективными технологиями для создания антитоксинов являются олигоклональные антитела и аптамеры, аллостерически ингибирующие активность эффекторных компонентов обоих токсинов — цинкзависимых протеаз.

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