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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-6047</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-3545</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vramn.v70i2.1305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROCEEDINGS of the GENERAL MEETING of the Department of Medical Sciences, RAS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛЫ ОБЩЕГО СОБРАНИЯ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ НАУК РАН</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">NOZOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY, MOLECULAR GENETICS AND IMMUNOLOGY OF AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES MELLITUS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>НОЗОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕТЕРОГЕННОСТЬ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА И ИММУНОЛОГИЯ АУТОИММУННОГО САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, директор Эндокринологического научного центраАдрес: 117036, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, тел.: +7 (495) 500-00-91</p></bio><email>dedov@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАМН, директор Института диабета Эндокринологического научного центраАдрес: 117036, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, тел.: +7 (499) 124-45-00</p></bio><email>nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuraeva</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кураева</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая детским отделе-нием сахарного диабета Института детской эндокринологии Эндокринологического научного центраАдрес: 117036, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, тел.: +7 (495) 668-20-63</p></bio><email>endiab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titovich</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титович</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник детского отделения сахарного диабета Института детской эндокринологии Эндокринологического научного центраАдрес: 117036, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, тел.: +7 (499) 124-45-40</p></bio><email>lenatitovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Отделения программного обучения и лечения Эндокринологического научного центраАдрес: 117036, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, тел.: +7 (499) 500-01-44</p></bio><email>tatiana_nikonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation&#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Эндокринологический научный центр, Москва, Российская Федерация&#13;
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Эндокринологический научный центр, Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук</issue-title><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство "Педиатръ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2016-04-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/48">https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/48</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Article is devoted to the review of literature data, and also the analysis of results of own researches concerning genetics, molecular genetics and immunological violations at various forms of the autoimmune diabetes (DM) including classical T1DM, LADA type and an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of 1 type (APS1). In case of T1DM more than 80% of patients are carriers of one or two strongest predisposing haplotypes: DRB1*O4-DQA1*O3O1-DQB1*O3O2 and DRB1*O3-DQA1*O5O1- DQB1*O201 designated as DQ2 and DQ8. HLA genes can model a clinical features of disease. In Russian population, the children with diabetes manifestation up to 5-year age has significantly often high risk genotypes (DQ2/DQ8) and significantly less the low risk genotypes in comparison with children, who had manifestation of T1DM in 10 years and later. The long-term</italic><italic>16-years family studies showed the maximum frequency of T1DM in high risk group, constantly accruing in process of increase in term of supervision, and in groups of an average and low risk lower and invariable. The highest risk of T1DM manifestation, reaching 90% at 10 years of supervision is defined by existence of HLA high risk genotypes and many antibodies, revealed from early age. LADA ― the hybrid form of autoimmune DM having signs of T1DM and T2DM in the basis. The development of autoimmune process against β-cells can be caused by only gene mutation (APS1). The part of T1DM cases which doesn't have the contributing HLA genes and autoimmune markers in process of studying of the importance of various genes and their biological value can be attributed to new, yet unknown forms of DM.<bold/></italic></p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Статья посвящена обзору литературных данных, а также анализу результатов собственных исследований, касающихся генетики, молекулярной генетики и иммунологических нарушений при различных формах аутоиммунного сахарного диабета (СД), включая классический СД 1-го типа (СД1), LADA и аутоиммунный полигландулярный синдром 1-го типа (АПС1). При СД1 более 80% пациентов являются носителями одного или двух наиболее сильно предрасполагающих к развитию СД1 гаплотипов: DRB1*O4-DQA1*O3O1-DQB1*O3O2 и DRB1*O3DQA1*O5O1-DQB1*O201, обозначаемых как DQ2 и DQ8. Гены HLA могут смоделировать клинические особенности болезни. В русской популяции у детей, заболевших до пятилетнего возраста, достоверно чаще встречались генотипы высокого риска (DQ2/DQ8) и реже ― генотипы низкого риска по сравнению с детьми с дебютом СД1 в возрасте старше 10 лет. В семейных шестнадцатилетних исследованиях частота</italic><italic>СД1 в группе высокого риска была максимальной, нарастающей по мере увеличения срока наблюдения, а в группах среднего и низкого риска ― более низкой и неизменной. Наиболее высокий риск развития СД1, достигающий 90% при десятилетнем наблюдении, определяется наличием HLA-генотипов высокого риска и наличием множества аутоантител, выявляемых с раннего возраста. LADA ― гибридная форма аутоиммунного СД, имеющая в своей основе признаки СД1 и СД2. Развитие аутоиммунного процесса против β-клеток может быть обусловлено также единственной генной мутацией (АПС1). Часть случаев СД1, не имеющих предрасполагающих HLA-генов и аутоиммунных маркеров, по мере изучения значимости различных генов и их биологического значения может быть отнесена к новым, пока неизвестным формам СД.</italic><italic><bold/></italic></p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 1 diabetes</kwd><kwd>genetic susceptibility</kwd><kwd>HLA-haplotypes</kwd><kwd>henotypes</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies to beta cells</kwd><kwd>LADA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>генетическая предрасположенность</kwd><kwd>HLA-гаплотипы</kwd><kwd>генотипы</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела к β-клеткам</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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