Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesAnnals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук0869-60472414-3545"Paediatrician" Publishers LLC42610.15690/vramn.v69i5-6.1041CARDIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUESАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КАРДИОЛОГИИMORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN RETIRED AND ACTIVE ELITE ATHLETESМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СИСТЕМЫ КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ У ВЕТЕРАНОВ СПОРТА И ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ СПОРТСМЕНОВAchkasovE. E.АчкасовЕ. Е.
Russian Federation

PhD, Head of the Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, leading research scientist of the Laboratory of Sports Biomedicine and Extreme states of Research Center of Biomedical Technologies

доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой лечебной физкультуры и спортивной медицины Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории спортивной биомедицины и экстремальных состояний Научного центра биомедицинских технологий

2215.g23@rambler.ruMashkovskiiE. V.МашковскийЕ. В.
Russian Federation

postgraduate of the Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Address: 8, Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, RF, 119991; tel.: +7 (499) 248-03-40

emash@me.comBogovaO. T.БоговаО. Т.
Russian Federation

PhD, assistant professor of the Department of Clinical geriatrics and Medicosocial Study of RMAPE

доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической гериатрии и медико-социальной экспертизы РМАПО

emash@me.comWulkanSherylВулканШ.
United States

PhD, Chairman of the Medical Committee of the North American Association of Boxing Commissions, Head of the Educational Program «Medicine combat sports» of Morristown Hospital, Chief Physician at Mixed Martial Arts and Muay Thai Sports College of New Jersey

доктор медицины, председатель медицинского комитета Североамериканской Ассоциации боксерских комиссий, руководитель образовательной программы «Медицина боевых видов спорта» госпиталя Морристауна, главный врач по смешанным боевым искусствам и муай-тай спортивной коллегии штата Нью-Джерси

Sherry.Wulkan@gmail.comSechenov First Moscow State Medical University Scientific Center of Biomedical Technology, Moscow regionПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова НЦ биомедицинских технологий, МоскваI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian FederationПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Российская ФедерацияRussian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, MoscowРоссийская медицинская академия последипломного образования, МоскваMorristown Hospital, New JerseyГоспиталь Морристаун, Нью-Джерси01102014695-6Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii medetsinskikh nauk / Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciencesВестник Российской академии медицинских наук343907082015Copyright ©; 1970, "Paediatrician" Publishers LLCCopyright ©; 1970, Издательство "Педиатръ"1970"Paediatrician" Publishers LLCИздательство "Педиатръ"https://vestnikramn.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/426

Regular physical activity over a long period of time increases the output of the cardiovascular system. That leads to development of a normal(physiological) athlete’s heart. Bradycardia, cardiac hypertrophy, and arterial hypotension are three major characteristics of a normal athlete’s heart. Changes in parameters of cardiovascular system and features of heart remodeling are determined by type, frequency, and duration of a physical activity. Excessive levels of physical activity could result in development of a pathologic athlete’s heart, negatively affect hearts metabolism, and increase the risk of both atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Autopsy studies have shown that atherosclerosis, which leads to development of an ischemic heart disease, is often found in both young and elderly athletes. 56% of sudden deaths in all athletes were due to cardiovascular problems. Reports of ischemic heart disease in athletes of all ages have increased over the past few years. Echocardiographic features and clinical outcomes of stable angina and myocardial infarction in retired professional athletes are not well studied. Further studies are needed to improve diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation in elite athletes with ischemic heart disease.

Длительные регулярные занятия физической культурой и спортом способствуют повышению производительности сердечно-сосудистойсистемы. В результате воздействия физической нагрузки у спортсменов формируется физиологическое «спортивное сердце», характерной особенностью которого является триада: брадикардия, артериальная гипотензия и гипертрофия миокарда. Особенности ремоделирования сердечной мышцы и изменения функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы зависят от продолжительности, вида и регулярности физических нагрузок. При чрезмерной физической нагрузке создаются условия для формирования патологического «спортивного сердца», возникает относительная недостаточность метаболизма миокарда. Совокупность этих факторов повышает риск развития атеросклероза и увеличивает угрозу возникновения инфаркта миокарда. Результаты патологоанатомических исследований показали, что у части спортсменов, как пожилых, так и молодых, развивается атеросклероз, приводящий к ишемической болезни сердца. Анализ структуры внезапной смерти у спортсменов показал, что 56% таких случаев связано с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы. В последнее время увеличивается число отдельных сообщений о развитии ишемической болезни сердца у действующих спортсменов и ветеранов спорта. До сих пор отсутствуют четкие критерии изменения эхокардиографических показателей при данном заболевании у ветеранов спорта, недостаточно изучена особенность клинического течения стенокардии напряжения и инфаркта миокарда у данной группы пациентов. Проведение дальнейших исследований необходимо для повышения эффективности диагностики, а также с целью выбора профилактических и лечебно-реабилитационных программ для этой категории больных.

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